Stress on College Students - 797 Words

Recently, many first-year college students face to stress. Stress is come from different ways. From The Associated Press and MTV conducted a survey of college students, 74% of students feel stress about grades,67% of students feel stress about financial worries, 54% of students feel stress about their families and 53% of students feel stress about relationships(The Associated Press and MTV,2009). In the following, I would like to discuss what cause, effect and prevention of college stress. The cause of stress is divided to three parts. They are academic performance pressure, financial problem and family. The most important cause is academic performance pressure. In your college life, you have many works, such as attending classes, completing the readings, writing papers, managing projects and preparing for exam. For freshman, it may constitute stress. In addition, some freshman don’t know what happen when starting college, some students don’t know how to distribute their time to finish their project or assignment. Moreover, so many test and exam need to do revision, students who study all through the night because they worry they can’t get a content marks. Also, students who want get higher score and GPA to get scholarship, so the competition for earning top marks can be very fierce(White, 2010). â€Å"College life has become a lot more competitive, it’s much harder to get into schools, it is gotten a lot more expensive.† Say Elizab eth Scott, stress management expert. If youShow MoreRelatedCollege Students and Stress1649 Words   |  7 PagesCollege and Stress There are numerous stress factors college students encounter while striving to complete their educational goals. Their grades may be affected by daily life situation stressors that accumulate throughout the semester. Students’ financial needs, lack of social support, family drama, and other various circumstances can all mount up to a tremendous amount of stress and may result in poor grades and lack of collected credits. In fact, stress continues to be a constant issue in people’sRead MoreStress In College Students728 Words   |  3 PagesStress is common for college students. The transition from high school to college can become stressful because theyre deciding what they want to do for their future. The lack of preparation for adulthood when choosing the right major for someone can become stressful. Once someone chooses their degree, then they must take classes to get them to the degree. When college students step into reality knowing what classes to take can become overwhelming. College students must know how to recognize andRead MoreStress For College Students1463 Words   |  6 Pagesto the max.† This is a quote that quite a few college students are familiar with and have probably said themselves. College can be a fun but also stressful time for students. They are focused on making sure they attend class and get passing grades so they can be successful and hopefully succeed in the next chapter of their life. Researchers at Columbia University and the University of San Diego conducted a study conducted a study to determine how stress negatively affects academic performance and enrollmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress And Stress On College Students1412 Words   |  6 PagesStress is a word that many college students hear on a daily basis; it is a concept that resonates with all students, regardless of age or major. People of all ages experience stress at various times in their lives, but college is a particular time when an individual can be plagued by heightened levels of it. At any given time, a college student might feel academic, financial, and social strains, yet they might not possess the resources to satisfy the demands of these stressors. Accumulation of theseRead MoreEffects Of Stress On College Students1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthem do. A problem faced by many college students in society is an overwhelming amount of unnecessary stress being placed on their shoulders. There are a variety of factors that can contribute to their high stress levels. Solving some sources of stress and helping students to cope with the immeasurable stress would help them to live happier, healthier lives. There are several ways the stress level of college students could be lowered, such as training programs, stress management classes, incoming freshmanRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On College Students709 Words   |  3 Pages Stress not only affects the work performance and grades in the classroom of a college student, it also affects their personal life too. With stress, people usually have too much pressure. They are overloaded with whatever is pressuring them, it brings them down and eventually over runs them. This frequently occurs with the lives of college students, especially if they have many assignments due. Thankfully, there are many ways to relieve and/or reduce stress levels. Three main ways to relieve stressRead MoreEssay on College, Stress, and the Student 1314 Words   |  6 PagesCollege, Stress and the Student Stress is no new phenomenon. It’s been around as long as man and has captivated scholars and physicians alike. With the growing demand for degrees in the professional world comes the growth of the number of college students. The relationship between stress and college students has become the subject of on-going research. Several studies show that stress in college students is increasing with time and the authors of those studies are attributing this to an increasedRead MoreStress On The Life Of A College Student1264 Words   |  6 PagesStress in the Life of a College Student Stress is an emotion that is against nature to enjoy; yet it cannot be avoided as a human. A bum on the side of the interstate, who is considered the scum of society, experiences stress as he pleads for food and money in order to live another day. With this being true, stress increases as ability and opportunity increase. No one can deny the fact that college is an exhausting time for any student in the pursuit of a career due to its overwhelming workloadsRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On College Students946 Words   |  4 Pages Many students in college can deal with large amounts of stress in their educational careers. Handling stress poorly is a normal behavior in a multitude of students at college is an overwhelming workload for many; however, stress can be managed in a healthier way than many do handle it. Stress is caused by an onslaught of assignments all at once or multiple tests in the same day. Lack of sleep and drowsiness in class is caused by stress; however, this will just further the stress because the studentRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On College Students991 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction of the Article Stress is something that everyone has to deal with. However, as unique as each person is, so is their response to stress. This case study, entitled: Exploring the Effect of Stress on Mood, Self-Esteem, and Daily Habits with Psychology Graduate Students, was performed due to the lack of quantitative data on the subject of the effects of stress on college students. The researchers stated their hypothesis in two parts. They are: â€Å"(1) daily habits, self-esteem, and mood

Income Inequality Free Essays

string(58) " money to hire more doctors and nurses \(Soroka, 2007, p\." Currently there are many problems and flaws with the way the Canadian government’s policies deal with healthcare, income inequality and poverty. Time to time changes in policies have been made, perhaps to improve these issues, however, the gap between rich and poor keeps increasing and there is very little improvement in healthcare and the economy. In fact, healthcare keeps on becoming costly. We will write a custom essay sample on Income Inequality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Major issues like income inequality and poverty are not being taken care of by the government. According to Dr. Raphael (2002) poverty is caused by several reasons such as inequality in people’s income, weak social services and lack of other social supports (p. VI). He states, â€Å"Poverty directly harms the health of those with low incomes while income inequality affects the health of all Canadians through the weakening of social infrastructure and the destruction of social cohesion. †(Raphael, 2002, p. VI) Income inequality and poverty are interrelated with the way government structures policy decisions in its social and economic sphere (Raphael, 2002, p. VI). Dr. Raphael (2002) also claims that the health effects of poverty is strongly related to income inequality and poverty because societies that has high levels of poverty is bound to be economically unequal (p. 4). Canada’s government policies are inefficient in preventing income inequality and poverty. We do not get to see the whole picture as to how the Canadian government ignores and/or fails to provide services in all parts of Canada who requires improvement of healthcare, prevent income inequality and poverty. People who are living in urban areas are extensively lacking access to healthcare. The population in rural areas of Canada are lower than the population in urban areas. As a result, the government provides less healthcare in rural, northern and remote areas (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. III). I believe government is able to do this because people in cities knows less and/or cares less about people living in rural and remote areas. And perhaps government purposely ignores these people in rural areas. For decades aboriginal people living in these areas has been deprived of their rights whether it was healthcare, social assistance, jobs and access to daily needs and services. These aboriginal people often face issues such as poverty and occupational hazards (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. III). The reason these problems occur is because government policies are not implemented properly in these areas and the health care professionals in these areas are also not trained properly and there are less staff members workings at these rural areas (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). There are shortages of doctors and nurses. There is less community health services in these areas. Also these areas are purposely given less funding by government and private organizations (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). The reports are not being prepared accurately for these areas and government does not make enough efforts to evaluate these reports properly (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). Some of the major healthcare services are lacking, such as major trauma, mental health services, palliative care, aged care, dental health services and children with special needs. I n most areas these services are not offered and sometimes culturally and linguistically they are not available (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). This means that in many cases a patient has to travel a great distance in order to get these services and this means spending a great deal of money from their own pocket and if they do not have it, they have no choice but to receive no services or care (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 25). Also women’s healthcare is a significant issue in rural areas. They have difficulties with giving births as there are not enough medically trained doctors for deliveries in rural areas (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 25). They often rely on family physicians and physicians trained in anaesthesiology to have deliveries done. Also there has been many closers of hospitals in these rural areas. As a result, now women too have to travel a great distance to have their deliveries done by a professional. Some women have to reach cities 1 month prior to their delivery and pay all their own expenses (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 25) Because of all these hospital closures and reduced services now there are problems with surgical procedures and pharmacists. Most of the doctors and pharmacists does not stay long in these areas. They leave the community and return to cities (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 26) Also these rural areas do not receive much care for alcohol problems and HIV/AIDS. These services are poorly served. Aboriginals are also not given proper education in how to prevent these diseases (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 26). These are some major issues that government fails to address or as it seems they choose purposely to ignore because these issues has been going on for decades. The government should be a bit responsible with making better policies and taking expert advices constantly to improve the policies. That is why we pay high taxes and high price for goods and services, so that the government should be always on their toe and working hard to make sure we get better and efficient policies. Policies that would help reduce inequalities and poverty in Canada. There are problems in cities too regarding healthcare access. Access such as emergency services, diagnostic equipment and medical specialist are problematic (Soroka, 2007, p. 15). Wait times get longer and longer each year (Soroka, 2007, p. 5). For example, a 50 year old women would have to wait 6 months for her biopsy, a 65 year old man who needs hip replacement has to wait 6-12 months for the surgery (Soroka, 2007, p. 15). There are also delays and lack of service for home care for senior citizens and elderly mentally challenged people. According to author Soroka (2007) 87 percent Canadians claim t hat there is a great amount of lacking in the number of doctors and nurses (p. 16). This happens because government is failing to provide more money to hire more doctors and nurses (Soroka, 2007, p. You read "Income Inequality" in category "Papers" 16). Yet, the government brings in many immigrant doctors and nurses based on their education who still can not find a job in Canada. So it seems that even when there is qualified doctors and nurses available, they government is failing or not investing enough amount of money to hire them. According to Green and Milligan (2007) the gap between Canada’s rich and poor has increased significantly from year 1980 to 2000 (p. 3). The study shows that rich and poor are heading in different directions at an extreme level where the top 1% earners and CEOs only getting richer while middle and the poor only gets poorer (Green Milligan, 2007, P. ). As an example Green and Milligan (2007) shows that during 1980 to 2000 top 5% Canadian earners earned about $121,260 disposable income where as the bottom 5% families had only $3,104 as disposable income (p. 3). This means that the top earners had 39 times higher income bottom 5% earners (Green Milligan, 2007, p. 3). The study suggests that the Ca nadian government’s used income tax policies in order to widen this gap of inequality between rich and poor (Green Milligan, 2007, p. 4). Green and Milligan (2007) states, â€Å"In 2000, the top 10% of income earners had a disposable income of approximately $97,000. That’s 16 times more than the average of $5,900 earned by the bottom 10% of income earners. †(P. 7) While top earners income rose, the bottom earners income remained the same (Green Milligan, 2007, p. 7). Also in a Globe Mail newspaper article author Tavia Grant (2008) points out that an average earner in the year 2005 earned about $41,401 which is almost the same as an average earner 1980 who earned $41,348 (p. 2). Therefore, it is evident that the poor and less advantaged are being kept at the same level of income and resources, while expenses and prices of goods and services has always gone up. As a result, it is the middle and the poor class who suffers by paying the price unfairly, because their income never increase and also their income stayed at the same level for 20 years. According to Grant (2008) 11. 4 percent lives below low income which is considered a poverty line (p. 3). Also immigrants in Canada earn way less then a Canadian born worker. Statistics show that immigrant men earned 63 cents for each dollar a Canadian-born worker earns (Grant, 2008, p. 3). In general, women earn about 85 cents for every dollar men earn (Grant, 2008, p. 3). Lower income deprives basic needs of human life, it leads to depression and it also leads to poverty sometimes. According to Mikkonen Raphael (2010) Canada’s richest neighbourhood’s residents on average, live four years more than the poorest neighbourhood (p. 12). Their study finds that the most deprived Canadians had 28% higher death rates than the least deprived Canadians. Also health issues are a major concern because the poor has far more health issues like heart attacks and diabetes (Mikkonen Raphael, 2010, p. 12). They lack resource and information. The poorest neighbourhoods also have a much higher suicide rate (Mikkonen Raphael, 2010, p. 12). Therefore, in Canada it is evident that income inequality is not being addressed by government policies, it is depriving and affecting the poor and the immigrants, and it is also making them vulnerable where it becomes really difficult to climb out of their situation. Sweden’s government has a different policy for income inequality and poverty. As author Palme (2006) indicates that Sweden’s government is doing well in promoting reduction in poverty and inequality (P. 16). Swedish government has a universal model of social protection. This social protection plan reaches out to venerable people in both rural and urban areas. This plan protects women’s labour force, aging population, all kinds of workers and salary based employees (Palme, 2006, p. 16). The plan also combines both public and private sector where improvement is necessary. There are three basic parts o this program. First, family support and old-age pension program which comes under citizenship benefits. Secondly, for different sectors of society there is a universal scheme which is the social earning insurance. Finally, there is housing benefits and social assistance in which income is verified and tested for families with elders and children (Palme, 2006, p. 16). By using these tactics the Swedish government has been successful in reducing overall inequalities to some extent (Palme, 2006, p. 16). Our government has somewhat similar policies for social services and assistance. However, Sweden pushes the boundaries in making the policies better and providing better services to its citizen. Perhaps Canadian government should also look to other countries and/or advices, it does not have to be Sweden, but they should at least try and find different policies that works better for Canadians. One of the major crisis that the Canadian middle and the working class is facing today is coming out of the 2008 world wide recession. Minimum wage is still very low compared to the rising prices of goods and expenses. During the recession people lost jobs, hours were cut and a lot of people were laid off. In order to survive and pay their bills, a lot of low income Canadians had no choice but to borrow and acquire huge amounts of debts. However, most of the top earners and CEOs kept the same paycheques that they were earning before the recession, while the working class took and are still taking most of the financial blow (CBC News, 2011). This makes their lives even more difficult. Therefore, much of countries capital money is circulating at the top, the vast middle and working class does not have the purchasing power to keep the economy flowing. For a short term goal I would like to propose ‘tax reforms’. Tax reforms that is going to reduce taxes for middle and the working class. Also provide a wage support. Increase marginal income tax on the top earners and limit their earnings. There are a lot of elites and CEOs in Canada who are fortunate and skilled enough to earn a very high income. For example, if someone is earning $500, 000 or $5 million a year then they should pay much higher income tax than what they are paying now. Their tax money should be used not only to evenly distribute, but they should be used to better health services, education, social services and transportation. This way it will not only circulate the money back to middle and working class but it will also help families and individual advance in their life. This helps society as a whole. There are several reasons why government should accept my policy rather than accepting others policies. It is common sense that first and the most important basic need for human is being stable mentally and physically. To maintain this stability you need food, shelter, health, clothing and most importantly education. When people are deprived of these basic needs because of poverty or less income, then the outcome might only be negative consequences and there also might be a social crisis. A society cannot function and/or improve without meeting these basic needs. A society also cannot improve without better education, better healthcare and better social assistances. Therefore, government of Canada should look to invest in poor and hard working people with low income, by providing their basic needs and by educating them in different areas of the policies we have and how to get help from different social assistance programs. Perhaps the government should also take public opinions, discussions and ideas into consideration while making major decisions and policies because it’s the people’s problems that they need to address and the only way to address them is to find out first hand what the real problems are, and what are the best means by which the government can provide efficient and helpful service to the public. The government should also improve income distribution and tax policies. I believe there is no better investment than investing in every person in society and government should focus on improving human capital. In the long run, investing in improvement of human capital improves society and mankind as a whole. How to cite Income Inequality, Papers

Ethical Issues Confronting IT Managers

Quewstion: Discuss about the Ethical Issues Confronting IT Managers. Answer: Introduction Ethical concern is becoming the most relevant and important aspect related to the information and technology. Ethics is nothing but the right choice of action according to any issue or situation. In this report, the one of the ethical issues of confronting IT managers are being discussed to understand the impact of violating measures of privacy. In addition to this, the ethical issues chosen for discussing above mentioned aspect is availability of information is leading to the misuse of those information. This report is covering the following aspects: viewpoint of the stakeholders about the ethical issues, importance of ethical concerns rather than the legal action in considering the resolution process of ethical issues, ethical obligation of stakeholders and guidance of the Australian Code of Ethics to the story. Chosen story for describing ethical issues confronting IT Managers is: Facebooks WhatsApp Privacy Changes Raise EU, U.S. Concerns (Bloomberg.com 2016). Ethical issues from the viewpoint of stakeholders in the story There are mainly three stakeholders in the concerned story related to misuse of availability of information. These stakeholders are Users of Facebook and WhatsApp, FTP and the companies itself (Bloomberg.com 2016). Different ethical viewpoint of these stakeholders are explained below. Ethical issues from the viewpoint of Facebook and WhatsApp The story published on 29th August of 2016 it was clear that the above mentioned famous organization of social networking are misusing the private data for their own benefits. The organizations are using these data for making revenues through collaborating with their advertising and other social networking partners such as banks, Instagram and Facebook etc (Weiss 2014). From the ethical point of view, this decision is not correct as these organizations are using the private data without the permission of the users. FTP charged Facebook and WhatsApp for their violation of commitment with them. Ethical issues from the view point of users of Facebook and WhatsApp Users are main object in the concerned case. All the specifications are evolving around the needs of the user. In contrast with the ethical viewpoint of this case, users are completely suffered due to the unethical decisions of the social networking organizations. Facebook and WhatsApp shares all the private and confidential data of users to their business partners (Bloomberg.com 2016). This aspect helps these business partners to send messages and detailed information to the users such as offers, new schemes and other details that their organization want to provide. According to the U.S. federal Trade Commission, Facebook and WhatsApp has violated the federal law of banning unfair and deceptive practices (Bloomberg.com 2016). This detail has guided the user of these social networking sites that they should change their personal data regularly in order to have secured way of transactions and also secured way of searching within the internet. Ethical issues from the view point of FTP The U.S. Federal Trade Commission has recognized two complaints from the end of users of Facebook and WhatsApp. These complaints are the user data is being misused by the business partners as well as social networking sites itself. Private data such as phone numbers, date of birth of the user, address and other than these personal data are being transferred to the business partners of Facebook and WhatsApp for making their brand popular and increase the revenues (Bloomberg.com 2016). According to the ethical concerned viewpoint of FTP, they are blaming these social networking sites to violate the prohibition acts against these deceptive practices. European Union Regulators have said that the users of these social networking sites should change their personal data for their own safety (Zydziunaite and Suominen 2014). Therefore, from the ethical point of view in this case, FTP plays a positive role in providing and they are ethically correct. Justification for resolving the issues through ethical process rather than the legal one Ethical evaluation is very important while considering the resolution process of unethical act. Ethics is one of most important aspects that should be concerned while measuring the effectiveness of the issue, situation or incident. Ethics helps to define the outcomes of any case or situation with respect to right or wrong measures (Bloomberg.com 2016). According to the case analyzed in this report, the case can be resolved by forcefully applying any acts or law but it will not directly affect the wrong concern of the targeted stakeholders (Chen and Zhao 2012). Ethical evaluation of the case not only helps to identify the depth and impact of the case on other stakeholders as well as on population but also helps to set a new making level of the ethical concern. The social networking sites and FTP can easily analyze the problems of the users and accordingly the social networking media has changed their policies that had made the personal data protected from any kind of attack or hacking measures. According to the ethical measures, Facebook and WhatsApp are obliged to ask the users for transferring their data to the other business organizations (Bloomberg.com 2016). Form the ethical point of view FTP states that these social networking media has violated the law of restricting deceptive practices. Sale to Facebook it was the first step by it towards the unethical measures. They changed all the setting of the WhatsApp that helps them to earn more money from the competitive market (Bloomberg.com 2016). Following are the justified measures for choosing the ethical aspects to resolve any issues rather than legal actions: Honesty: Honesty is a crucial matter of concern that specifies the appropriateness of the actions. Ethical resolution process in this case does not create any forceful impact on the social networking media and government (Martin et al. 2016). It resolved the problems smoothly. Objectivity: Ethical measures always keep the objectives highlighted. In this case, the main objective is to protect the user data and their privacy rights (Jung et al. 2013). With the help of legal actions objectives may be highlighted but the resolution process of the issue may become harmful to some extent. Integrity: Any legal action cannot provide justice to all the stakeholders of any case but ethical measures provide same importance to all the stakeholders of the concerned case. Carefulness: Ethical evaluation may be some times rough and straightforward action to the targeted stakeholders but it always provide careful attention to each stakeholders involved within the case. Respect for intellectual property: Ethical concern not only provides attention to the users of Facebook and WhatsApp but also take care of the social networking media while considering the importance of social media (Bloomberg.com 2016). Confidentiality: Confidentiality is always maintained in case of the ethical measurement, as the confidentiality is one of the most important pillars of judgment. Social responsibilities: Ethical evaluation is done with respect to the legal rights and moral aspects of human that is in turns connected with the social responsibility (Adelola et al. 2015). Legality: On the other hand, the ethical measure always follows the legal aspects of the rules and regulations. Human Subject Protection: Moral values are always concerned while performing any ethical evaluation of any issue. Ethical obligations of the stakeholders towards each other and general population Facebook and WhatsApp are leading social media platforms. Though these have affected upon the modern era, still it has some obligations that has to be followed by these giants. These are mentioned as follows: Fair dealings: In contrast with the case analyzed in this report, it is found that WhatsApp and Facebook have not maintained fair dealings (Eckhoff and Sommer 2014). They had used their customer data to earn more revenues. This aspect leads to the unfair dealings. Therefore this obligation should have to be followed by the organization. Positive attitude towards regulating acts: Facebook and WhatsApp has violated the law of banning deceptive practices according to FTP (Bloomberg.com 2016). Therefore, the positive attitudes of these Social networking sites are not shown. Social responsibility: In contrast with the social responsibility the social networking, sites have no maintained their responsibility towards the society. Ethical obligation of FTP towards other stakeholders of the case Several obligatory measures should be provided by FTP to the citizens of U.S. these measures are stated as follows: Consumer protection: FTP has obliged to the users of Social networking sites and it should protect the rights of customer privacy (Bloomberg.com 2016). In contrast with the case being discussed in this report, the leading social networking giants are forced change their new policies. Violation of Public policies: FTP has reviewed that the leading social networking giant violates the Law of banning deceptive practices (Slade and Prinsloo 2013). Therefore, they had taken right steps to provide justified measures to this aspect. Unethical conduct: It is the duty of the FTP to ensure that all the measures conducted by any organizations are going in an ethical way. In contrast with this rule, this aspect is maintained here. Ethical obligation of users towards other stakeholders of the case There are two ethical obligations that have to be followed by the consumers or user related to the social networking (Smith et al. 2013). The user has to pay the appropriate amount of money to the organization in order to get the disrupted service form the end of authority. In case of the FTP, the users of social networking media have to follow the rules and regulations of this concerned authority to maintain ethical evaluation perfect and justified (Hong and Thong 2013). In contrast with the case, here the users of social networking media follow both of these obligations. Guidance of ACS to the ethical issues in the story There are six code of conduct in according to the ACS code of ethics. According to the context of the case is being analyzed in the report two guidance can be provided to the stakeholders of the case. These codes are primacy of the public interest and honesty. Honesty is mentioned inn order to highlight the unethical steps taken by the leading social networking giant (Buchanan 2012). They should maintain honesty in order deal ethically with their consumers. primacy of the public interest and honesty are applicable to the FTP for improving their justice towards the consumers as well as users of some policies (Hardy 2015). The social networking giants and FTP can follow these codes in order to serve the consumers in a better way. Conclusion It can be concluded that in most of the cases of information-technology, ethical concern is being highlighted as technological advancements are introducing new threats to the information system. In contrast with the real life case related to ethical issues confronting IT Managers, it can be evaluated that the ethical concern and justification of the measures are very important. This report has provided an overview of the stakeholders involved within the story as well as the resolution process of the ethical issues. In addition to this, ethical obligations of each stakeholder are elaborated in a detailed manner. This elaboration highlighted the need of guidance from the ACS Code of Conduct. Two guidance are provided to evaluate the role of each stakeholders in contrast with the ethical evaluation. References Adelola, T., Dawson, R. and Batmaz, F., 2015. Privacy and data protection in e-commerce in developing nations: evaluation of different data protection approaches. Avey, J.B., Wernsing, T.S. and Palanski, M.E., 2012. Exploring the process of ethical leadership: The mediating role of employee voice and psychological ownership.Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), pp.21-34. Bloomberg.com. 2016.Facebooks WhatsApp Privacy Changes Raise EU, U.S. Concerns. [online] Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-08-29/whatsapp-privacy-changes-raise-eu-concern-over-user-data-control [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Buchanan, E., 2012. Ethical decision-making and internet research. Chen, D. and Zhao, H., 2012, March. Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Eckhoff, D. and Sommer, C., 2014. Driving for big data? Privacy concerns in vehicular networking.IEEE Security Privacy,1(12), pp.77-79. Hardy, P., 2015, December. First do no harm: developing an ethical process of consent and release for digital storytelling in healthcare. InSeminar. Net: Media, Technology Life-Long Learning(Vol. 11, No. 3). Hong, W. and Thong, J.Y., 2013. Internet privacy concerns: an integrated conceptualization and four empirical studies.MIS Quarterly,37(1), pp.275-298. Jung, T., Mao, X., Li, X.Y., Tang, S.J., Gong, W. and Zhang, L., 2013, April. Privacy-preserving data aggregation without secure channel: Multivariate polynomial evaluation. InINFOCOM, 2013 Proceedings IEEE(pp. 2634-2642). IEEE. Keng, F.T., Ruedy, N., Johnson, H.H. and Avolio, B.J., 2013, January. The Ethics of Change: The Effects of Authoritarian and Ethical Leadership on Organizational Change. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2013, No. 1, p. 17561). Academy of Management. Markham, A., Buchanan, E. and AoIR Ethics Working Committee, 2012. Ethical decision-making and Internet research: Version 2.0.Association of Internet Researchers. Martin, K.D., Borah, A. and Palmatier, R.W., 2016. Data Privacy: Effects on Customer and Firm Performance.Journal of Marketing. Slade, S. and Prinsloo, P., 2013. Learning analytics ethical issues and dilemmas.American Behavioral Scientist,57(10), pp.1510-1529. Smith, N.C., Goldstein, D.G. and Johnson, E.J., 2013. Choice without awareness: Ethical and policy implications of defaults.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,32(2), pp.159-172. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Zydziunaite, V. and Suominen, T., 2014. Leadership styles of nurse managers in ethical dilemmas: Reasons and consequences.Contemporary nurse,48(2), pp.150-167.

The Great Gatsby Essays (804 words) - The Great Gatsby,

The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a classic- a novel complete with characters, setting, and symbolism that all contribute to the theme of the novel. The concept that people deny reality to see only what they wish to see is one that is present in history, current events, and literature, and more specifically, in The Great Gatsby. Characters in The Great Gatsby have a difficult time seeing past their own hopes and dreams and into the truths of what is happening. Daisy Fay ignores reality; in fact, Daisy herself is pictured as unreal. She flutters and floats about the room, and seems ?buoyed up [on the couch] as though upon an anchored balloon? (12). Daisy cannot admit that her daughter is real- she refers to her as [A] dream...[an] absolute little dream'? (123). Tom Buchanan is an extremely ignorant man who cannot come to terms with his own stupidity. He tries to prove his intelligence by reading ?all scientific? (17) books that are ?deep? (17) and have ?long words in them? (17). Tom is having an affair with Myrtle Wilson, a would-be upper class woman who is destined to stay on the wrong side of the tracks. She tries to assume a social position by having an affair with Tom, who has extraordinary wealth and a magnificent social standing. She pretends to be of a high class several times; she ?raise[s] her eyebro ws in despair at the stiflessness of the lower orders [and says,] ?These people! You have to keep after them all the time'?(36). Her husband George is equally delusional as he tries to ignore his wife's affair. Because he lives in the valley of ashes, he is covered in and taken over by the ashes. He fades into the valley, into nothingness, and out of reality. Mr. Henry Gatz, father of Jay Gatsby, emerges at Gatsby's funeral, unable to accept the fact that his young Jimmy has transformed into Jay Gatsby. He holds onto ?a photograph of the house, cracked in the corners and dirty with many hands? (180), a memory of how life was, and how Gatz still perceives it to be. The photograph is ?more real to him than the house itself? (180). Jay Gatsby, in turn, is also living in a dream. He is determined to win Daisy's love, and his entire life is wrapped around the single hope Nowadly 2 that she will yearn for him as well. His entire life is just a stage set up to convince Daisy of his love for her. Even after Daisy declares her love for Tom, Gatsby still watches over her, waiting, ?watching over nothing? (153). He cannot accept that his fantasy is over, that Daisy loves another man. The idea that most people are in denial of reality is one that can be related to past and current events. The Titanic was a magnificent ship that set sail in April of 1912. It was an enormous ship, capable of holding thousands of passengers. But the designers made one small error: they did not put enough lifeboats on the Titanic to save all of its travelers. The designers, builders, and captains of the ship all agreed that, because Titanic was the largest, most magnificent ship ever built, it was simply indestructible. They were proven wrong as Titanic hit an iceberg and proceeded to sink to the bottom of the ocean, making theirs one of the largest mistakes ever made in history. Politicians can be great liars and can live deluded lives, but eventually it will catch up to them. In the 1800's, the North and South of the United States were arguing over Missouri's admission to the Union: should it be admitted as a slave state or a free state? Henry Clay came up with a compromise that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state, pleasing both the North and South. Only Thomas Jefferson saw the problem with this compromise: it merely prolonged the fight by momentarily calming a dispute. The rest of Congress decided to ignore the soon-to-be tremendous problem. Most recently, President Clinton was accused of having an affair with Monica Lewinsky, an

The Scientific Management Theory †Management Essay

The Scientific Management Theory – Management Essay Free Online Research Papers The Scientific Management Theory Management Essay Nowadays, research in management and organizational theory plays an important part in how business operates. By for the most influential person of the time and someone who has had an impact on management service practice as well as on management thought up to the present day, was Frederick W. Taylor. Taylor was the first modern efficiency expert in world history. Around the Twentieth Century, he formalized the principles of Scientific Management and developed a set of ideas designed to get employees in manufacturing industries to produce more output. Taylor contracted with companies to rearrange their production processes to simplify the tasks each employee performed. Instead of doing many different things, workers in Taylorized factories would execute the same simple tasks over and over. The principles of Scientific Management still have an important impact globally and there are still many evidences which show some New Zealand companies apply the Scientific Management principles in their business operations. McDonald’s is one of the worlds most well-known and valuable brands and holds a leading share in the globally branded quick service restaurant segment of the informal eating-out market in virtually every country and the leading global foodservice retailer with more than 30,000 local restaurants serving nearly 50 million people in more than 119 countries each day. This essay proves the Scientific Management principles in McDonald’s business operations from three perspectives: systems of rewards for meeting the goals, scientific education and development of the workman and standard method of performing each job. To start with, McDonalds’s apply the Scientific Management principles in their business operations because the company establishes systems of rewards for meeting the goals. Taylor stated that the non-incentive wage systems encourage low productivity if the employee will receive the same pay regardless of how much is produced. Taylors concept of motivation is to institute a system of inequitable pay for workers and a bonus system will create monetary incentives (Freeman,1996). McDonalds encourages employees through many effective ways. Except the base pay, McDonalds establish competitive wage and promotion programs, hard work, dedication, motivation and results are recognized and rewarded at McDonalds. Appreciation comes in many forms from a simple encouragement for a job well done, to restaurant-wide recognition through programs such as the Employee of the Month. (McDonald’s,2006)McDonalds also offers great incentive programs with access to gift certificates, mercha ndise, free food, etc. In addition, McDonald’s also establish an incentive pay system and provide employees with the opportunity to earn competitive total compensation when performance meets and exceeds goals. The company pays a bonus on top of employees base salaries based on business performance and their individual performance(McDonald’s,2006). Furthermore, Long term incentives are granted to eligible employees to both reward and retain key employees who have shown sustained performance and can impact long-term creation at McDonalds. Not only they establish the bonus system for the employees to perform efficiently, but also they institute other kinds of systems to increase monetary incentives such as recognition programs and company car program. Secondly, scientifical training is one of the most important principles of Scientific Management. Taylor states that each company should train the workers scientifically rather than passively leaving them to train themselves. It aims to unearth and cultivate workmen’s endowment, let them have the best performance in their work and obtain the highest efficiency farthest(Freeman,1996). McDonald’s have a strong tradition of, and belief in, training, they know its value to the bottom line of their business. At crew level there is considerable initial and ongoing training that is consistently applied to everybody in the business, whether part, full time, hourly paid staff or salaried managers undergoing their compulsory restaurant training. In New Zealand, a Crew member will extend his skills through the McDonald’s Qualink programme, which is recognised with a New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA) approved National Certificate. Moreover, a new employee will acce pt training as soon as he joins McDonalds and starts his first working day. He must pass tests of three posts in the first month. Therefore, high requirements create high quality food. Further to that, McDonald’s even build up a Hamburger University, it is McDonalds worldwide management training center located in Oak Brook, Illinois. It focuses on providing training exclusively for all McDonalds Corporation and Franchisees employees in various aspects of the business. Founded in 1961, Hamburger University is located in a 130,000 square foot, state-of-the-art facility on the McDonalds Home Office Campus in Oak Brook with a faculty of 30 resident professors(Schaaf,1994). Like any university, HU has a course catalog: nine courses, ranging from basic restaurant operations to the four progressive levels of the management development program (MDP I-IV). The heart of the curriculum is the Advanced Operations Course (AOC), a two-week combination of operations enhancement, equipment m anagement, and interpersonal-skills training. Well structured training helps to retain staff, as do demonstrable links between training and promotion(Schaaf,1994). In addition, the training materials consist of two elements: core content which applies globally for maintaining consistent food quality and services worldwide, and locale-specific content based on local menu items, food safety regulations and labor practices, etc(Christine,2002). Those training systems help their staff to perform more efficiently and professionally. Lastly, company should develop a standard method of performing each job efficiently. Taylor taught that there was one and only one method of work that maximized efficiency. And this one best method and best implementation can only be discovered or developed through scientific study and analysis. This involves the gradual substitution of science for rule of thumb throughout the mechanical arts. Taylor was not really concerned with other organizational or management issues. His focus was on efficiency, and he suggested that people had to follow what his method said(Freeman,1996).McDonalds establishes a series of detailed and strict working standards which ensure that every product from any chain restaurant has high quality. No matter people is a cook, a counter person or a hall cleaner, each kind of works has normative operational standards and written regulations. The cook time and the amounts of materials are prescribed with accurate numerical value and controlled by machines. In add ition, they also establish a computer system that transmits orders to the kitchen, where in the kitchen, the holding bins will regulate the temperature to keep the food hot and fresh. Moreover, McDonald’s staff is specialized in different production procedure. The counter person accepts the order and typically uses a suggestive sell-up to add a missing item such as dessert. Then they use the register display to confirm, assemble, and check the order. The order is assembled by collecting food from the appropriate machines and bins. Besides, some of the staffs play a role in the burger production and some others perform in the production of French fries. McDonald’s has developed a standard method of performing each job and the employees can perform efficiently. In conclusion, Scientific Management became a powerful force as it contributed to increased efficiency in industrial establishments. McDonald’s shows the evidence of applying the principles of Scientific Management. They institute bonus systems to encourage the employees to perform well to meet the goals. Also, they train the workers scientifically rather than passively leaving them to train themselves. It aims to bring everyone’s production efficiency into full play to accomplish maximum profit. Moreover, they cooperate with the workers to ensure that the scientifically developed methods are being followed and it will be eligible to improve the production efficiency. Scientific Management has dramatically affected today’s management approaches. Scientific Management has also made an important contribution to the business world we see today in New Zealand and worldwide. The ideas generated by Frederick Taylor still have a place in current management thinking. Because of Taylor, production efficiency has improved, products become more and more plentiful. Nowadays people can have a rich and colorful life like a king in the past. Much of core of Scientific Management remains with us today, only been modified, updated and given a human face. List of references Christine,T.(2002). Systematic training makes McDonalds number one. Training Management Development Methods, 16, 909. Retrieved March 23,2006, from the University of Auckland: Proquest database. Freeman,M.(1996). Scientific management: 100 years old; poised for the next century. S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, 16,909. Retrieved March 23,2006, from the University of Auckland: Proquest database. McDonald’s Coroporation.(2006). Your Pay and Reward. Retrieved March 23,2006, from the World Wide Web: mcdonalds.ca/en/careers/restOpp_rewards.aspx Schaaf,D.(1994, December). Inside Hamburger University. Minneapolis, 31,18. Retrieved March 23,2006, from the University of Auckland: Proquest database. Research Papers on The Scientific Management Theory - Management EssayAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OneNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Strategic Marketing Report of Cadbury Schweppes Assignment

Strategic Marketing Report of Cadbury Schweppes - Assignment Example ance and future prospects; Kraft core capabilities and assets; Strategic position assessment; recommendation and limitations of the study are also obtained to form part of the process. Cadbury Schweppes is a confectionery manufacturer that has been known for its English heritage. Established in 1824, the company managed to stay on top of the big confectionery manufacturers and has become as third world leading manufacturer of confectionery in the world. It has established business units in Britain and Ireland, Middle East and Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Pacific. Kraft Food is a manufacturer of packaged food products, including snacks, beverages, cheese, convenient meals and various packaged grocery products. Its products are sold to consumers in 160 countries and had operations in more than 70 countries and products made at 159 manufacturing and processing facilities globally. The key segments covered by Cadbury are chocolate and candy brands. Its chocolate brands are Cadbury Dairy milk, Crà ¨me Egg, Flake and Green & Black. Its gum brands are Trident, Hollywood, Stimorol, Dentyne, Clorets and Bibbaloo. Candy Halls, Maynards, Cadbury Eclairs and Natural Confectionery Co. (Cadbury Plc description) Kraft segment covers cheese, dinners and dressings. Portfolio of products include nine brands, including Kraft cheeses, dinners and dressings; Oscar Mayer meats; Philadelphia cream cheese; Maxwell House and Jacobs coffee; Nabisco cookies and its Oreo cookie brand; Milka chocolates and LU biscuits. Together, these two companies formed a formidable company thru a merger done in February 2010 that made Kraft/Cadbury the second largest confectionery in the world. The merger move, according to Kraft CEO, is a transformation for future growth prospects both for Kraft and Cadbury to become the world’s number one confectionery manufacturer (Zendrian, 2010). Projected status of Kraft/Cadbury in the industry as a result of merger is portrayed in

The Effect of Recession on Dividend Policy Dissertation

The Effect of Recession on Dividend Policy - Dissertation Example Some of the logical explanations on how the various sectors were affected by the recession in terms dividend payout. Background Information The research covered various economic sectors of the economy namely; banking and financial Services, real estate companies, petrochemical companies, Agriculture and food industries, industrial investment and telecommunications. A total of 26 companies financial over a period of 5 years were thoroughly analyzed to come up with efficient analysis of our study topic. Difference in Dividend policy between different Economic Sectors We use the one way Anova to determine if there is a difference in mean between the average dividend pay for the various companies. The analysis generates the results table below. ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 96.613 7 13.802 2.162 .092 Within Groups 108.514 17 6.383 Total 205.127 24 As seen in the table above the value of significance from the table is .092 which is larger than the significance value of 0.05 hence we accept the null hypothesis which states that there is no statistically significant difference in the dividend policies adopted by the various sectors of the economy. Sectors from which various companies in the study. ... (2-tailed) .019 N 26 25 Eps Pearson Correlation .466(*) 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .019 N 25 25 Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). The correlation coefficient is positive 0.466 which means a positive relationship between the two variables. At 95 percent level of confidence means that we reject ho hence conclude that there is a significant correlation between the capital structure and in particular the equity shareholding and the earnings related to them. Correlation between Capital Structure and Dividend Yield. The dividend yield is compared to the return on investment in our study as it is the annual dividend amount payout per share by a firm in relation to the share value. We measure the relationship between equity shareholding and the return on investment. We run the Pearson’s correlation coefficient from the variables dividend yield versus equity. The results of running leverage for the companies against the dividend yield give no significant correlation betwe en the two variables. Correlation: Capital Structure (Using shareholder Equity) and Dividend Policy Adoption (payout). We shall run the Pearson’s correlation to find out if there exists a linear relationship between the two variables. For the purpose f this test the null hypothesis is set as: There exists no significant correlation between the two variables. Running the data we generate the output below. Correlations Equity pre Equity Pearson Correlation 1 .187 Sig. (2-tailed) .370 N 26 25 Pre Pearson Correlation .187 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .370 N 25 25 From the table above it is clear that there a moderate relationship between the shareholders equity and the dividends paid out of the rather the dividend policies adopted by the various companies. Since the significance value from the table