We should embrace nihilism for growth

Agnostic PERSPECTIVEâ€Å"Nihilism is the conviction that all qualities are outlandish and that nothing can be known or conveyed. It is regularly connected with extraordinary cynicism and an extreme distrust that denounces presence. A genuine agnostic would put stock in nothing, have no loyalties and no reason other than, maybe, a motivation to destroy† (http://www.iep.utm.edu/n/nihilism.htm). In an agnostic viewpoint, there are no convictions in doctrine, religion and other socially built standards and measures. Agnostics question the arrangement of all around cleared a path of reasoning and that there is nothing genuine in this world.SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONâ€Å"Social develops are systematized substance or ancient rarities in a social framework, created or built by members in a specific culture or society that exist since individuals consent to act as though it exist, or consent to adhere to certain traditional standards, or carry on as though such understanding or rules exist ed† (wikipedia.org). Social develops are made substances in which individuals or gatherings of individuals saw them to be valid. Social builds are seen real factors that are placed into a show to be transformed into social convictions. A few instances of social develops are religion, profound quality, sexuality, class and numerous more.These social builds assume a significant job in people’s day by day lives. Social develops turned into an essential piece of people’s day by day lives. These became unavoidable real factors of their reality. Essentially, how individuals act depend on social developments. Social developments direct the regular day to day existences of individuals. Social builds decide how individuals will act and what their example of activities is. These social builds are the apparent rightness of activities in a specific given circumstance. In this manner, people’s lives are controlled and move by social constructs.Social builds develop and changes as time cruise by. It relies upon the lavishness of thought of individuals. The brains of people are rich and loaded with potential outcomes. Individuals have the ability of developing one arrangement of thought into another. A specific social build isn't perpetual and won't keep going forever in light of the fact that it just relies upon the individuals who were the ones who developed them. Social builds are dynamic on the grounds that the psyches of individuals are additionally powerful. What a great many people are encountering now may simply turn into a background marked by tomorrow.THE WORLD AS A REALM OF MEANING AND CAN BE DISCLOSED BY NIHILISMFor Heidegger, he saw the world as a domain of implications and conceivable outcomes. These potential outcomes are for Da-sein to find and the implications are for Da-sein to acclimatize. This world for Heidegger is the place the Da-sein is arranged and part of the facticities given to the Da-sein. This world is for the Da-sein to find and comprehend. The world offers importance to the presence of man and man is to deplete these implications or conceivable outcomes. Consequently, the world is the place the Da-sein associates and for him to assimilate.This word â€Å"aletheia† depicts the world for Heidegger. â€Å"Aletheia† implies disclosure and covering which comprises the world’s disclosedness to man. The world is the domain of implications for man that man is consistently in steady absorption. Regardless of whether it uncovers itself to man, it additionally hides something to man and that the errand of man to acclimatize and comprehend is an endless undertaking and that Heidegger called man as â€Å"always previously understanding the world†.The word â€Å"always† implies the vastness of understanding that man is assignment to uncover the world, the endless errand of connection and comprehension. Man as Da-sein is the very nature and capacity of man as a being who is tossed into this world. â€Å"Da† implies there and â€Å"sein† implies being. Da-sein is receptiveness to the world and the preparation of man to deplete and acclimatize. Da-sein is the there of being of man, the tossed ness of man into a specific setting. To see a greater amount of man as Da-sein, we will handle on the succeeding parts the elements of being a Da-sein.According to the incomparable Heidegger, attunement is man’s disposition or perspective in which influences his impression of the real world. He saw man as consistently in the disposition and is consistently prepared to get reality. Man as being tossed into this world, attunement is as of now inserted in his being. This attunement as effectively installed in the being of man braces man to comprehend. Given the facticity of Da-sein as being-in-a-world, he is consistently in the temperament to hold onto reality or to be aware of the real world and in this manner establishing man’s receptivene ss to the world. Da-sein as the there of being is constantly arranged on the planet subsequently, a fleeting being.This arranged ness of man gives him plentiful chance to connect with the world and to satisfy his very nature as a comprehension being who is now receptive to do as such. Man gets cognizant by excellence of cooperation, which is the very procedure of comprehension for Heidegger. To connect with the world is to debilitate its prospects, to absorb its significance. Through communication, man gets aware of the real world, gets aware of significance. The truth is as of now in the domain of implications, which comprises the world, and it is just for man that he can be aware of and that is by goodness of relating with the world.To question doctrine and religion and other social develops can be an instrument for better comprehension of the real world. As talked about, Heidegger accentuated that man can gradually uncover the truth of creatures by associating with the world whic h is the universe of significance and conceivable outcomes. The world has its own significance. The skeptical view in its appropriate use, for example, not absolutely for annihilation yet of finding reality behind the world, it can open man’s eye to the genuine significance of this world. Man as Da-sein in being a skeptic can have the option to show up at a superior truth with respect to the world. The world despite everything has a great deal to give in man’s comprehension of it that is the reason authoritative opinions and standards of today should be addressed in light of the fact that it is still not in its total state.NIHILISM AS A TOOL TO A BETTER UNDERSTANING OF REALITYMan’s life is loaded with socially built standards and convictions that are the ones directing what he should do and act. There is religion that directs ethical quality and there is government that directs who are adversaries and not, for example, who are fear mongers and not psychological militants. A general public is included numerous thoughts and viewpoints that fights to pick up restraining infrastructure. Man is placed in the focal point of differentiating views.With the introduction of agnosticism, there came a chance to show up in a fact wherein wrong authoritative opinion and convictions can be eradicated and supplanted with better ones. Skepticism can give great impacts if not put in its outrageous nature of devastation. Addressing convictions and authoritative opinion is a solid procedure to attempt. Through addressing, man can gradually uncover to himself the genuine quintessence of his reality. Addressing must likewise not be entwined with obliteration since it very well may be a genuinely extraordinary methods for advancement and better understanding.â€Å"I plan to carry some adjust and lucidity to various real factors that appear to pull in a lot of misconception: [1] the intense issues of savagery in Islam [including ongoing Muslim violence]; [2] the hatred that numerous Muslims have of viciousness; [stereotypes of Islam and Muslims as characteristically violent]; and [4] the bigger setting of brutality in our reality [not simply the Muslim world], quite a bit of which is woven into the texture of our general public so that we may not see it as our own violence† (Hussain, 2006). The errors, for example, looking as a Muslim to be savage can be remedied by the agnostic point of view. Individuals can show up to a specific truth that not all Muslims are rough and generalizing can be erased.NIHILISM AS A TOOL TO END CHAOS AND VIOLENCE IN THIS WORLDThe turbulent world is achieved by the distinctions in convictions and standards and even in the acts of various religions. These are results of social developments. With various convictions and standards and with the commitment to such convictions and standards, it brings disarray and even to viciousness. Individuals appear to force their own convictions to others which additionally have their own allowance of faith based expectations. By forcing one’s convictions, it makes an air of rivalry that gives strains and disorder to this world.Nihilism can be an apparatus to end all mayhem and discover harmony in this world. Individuals, in there alternate points of view, can take a gander at the shared conviction of their various convictions. To scrutinize their own convictions is a sound procedure and in any event, contrasting their own convictions with others is likewise a solid procedure. This is a demonstration of agnosticism. Individuals won't wreck their standards and convictions but instead, creating it to be better allowance of faith based expectations and principles.One model can be found in the domain of religion where we can see contrasts however taking a gander at its more prominent truth, there are substantially more likenesses that can be utilized in showing up to a superior conviction, a conviction that can be bannered by all individuals from v arious settings. Indeed, even the distinction of science and religion, if agnostic point of view can be utilized in an appropriate method of rationalizations and addressing, individuals may show up at a specific truth that science and religion has its shared opinion and that one won't be a resistance of the other.CONCLUSIONThe world is a domain of importance and potential outcomes and is plague with socially developed convictions and standards. With the introduction of agnosticism, which is a point of view that the vast majority of a period ascribed to devastation, the world may discover better comprehension in its grasp. By the technique for addressing which is a solid procedure, individuals can show up to better comprehension of the real world and the very standards and convictions that they accept. Along these lines, we should grasp nihilism.BIBLIOGRAPHYBogossian, Paul. What is Social Construction. 03 Mar. 2007<http://as.nyu.edu/docs/

American Exceptionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Exceptionalism - Essay Example Since the commencement, American political pioneers have been generally self-sufficient from political weights and can utilize their independence to take care of issues going up against the state. During the Cold War, the global arrangement tested Truman organization and national security organizers. In the early Cold War time frame was the hazardous idea of life in the nuclear age, which unequivocally associated open with national security strategy. The fight against the Soviet Union and socialism denoted another period in American political motivation. As opposed to different states, the USA followed exceptionalist strategies dependent on the possibility of the American lifestyle and freedom. During this timeframe, America joined enemy of internationalist streak and contradicted cooperation in universal foundations. These global relations prompted changes on the national level. Parliamentary frameworks of government proliferate somewhere else on the planet and can be isolated into different classes; no other progressed industrialized majority rules system has copied the American framework. American establishments are extraordinary. The fight against socialism and hostile to internationalist streak caused new perspectives help by most Americans. ... Americans anticipate less of government in administrations, especially in the arrangement of social government assistance, than do residents of zither majority rules systems; they emphatically bolster common freedoms, for example, opportunity of the press; and they are obviously firmly for an equitable type of government. Boss among the political conventions that have been solid somewhere else however practically missing from American governmental issues has been social vote based system. The United States is special among industrialized majority rules systems in never having had a social equitable development with a solid well known after. After the Cold war, Americans proceeded with their universal development and were engaged with the Gild War. Atomic weapons changed how the U.S. military was really utilized, in, for instance, Korea, Vietnam, or the Gulf War (Spanos 89).The contention here is initial an existential case that atomic weapons changed the manner in which Americans comprehended its place in a world. Truman organization organizers accused of overseeing after war national security approach conceived of atomic weapons as progressive as in they accepted doctrinal changes attached to the mix of atomic weapons into the military had ramifications for the state and society. The Vietnam War and the Gulf war changed national qualities and conventions of the country. Exceptionalism was systematized in the Weinberger Doctrine (1984) and the Powell Doctrine (1990=1991). Another period in worldwide governmental issues was set apart by new universal approaches presented by Bill Clinton. The governmental issues of exceptionalism was exemplified in Clinton's legislative issues of expansion and commitment, his vision of Iraqi pioneer and atomic weapon (Ignatieff 94). Both Congress and the media (the administration substantially less so) have

neighborhoods we move into and come to love.

neighborhoods we move into and come to love. For anybody too young to have seen my name at the top of the recent entries page before, Im Mollie. I graduated in 2006 with degrees in biology and brain and cognitive sciences, which means that Im going to have my pi reunion this summer. (Yay!) Im currently a third-year PhD student in developmental neurobiology at that other university in Cambridge, and I live with my charming rocket scientist husband Adam 07 and our rabbit (who did not attend MIT) in an apartment just north of Boston. Im here to update you on the breathtaking life of a biology PhD student, which is breathtaking enough to divide into a very small number of categories. Lab and other school things I do less often than lab Since I passed my qualifying exam last January, to my great joy and relief, Im now a PhD candidate in biological and biomedical sciences at Harvard. Functionally, this means that Im basically done taking classes, and Im living in the lab full-time doing research. Eventually Ill finish the projects on which Im working and write my dissertation, which Ill defend in a very long written document as well as orally in front of a group of professors from my program its considered rude to ask a graduate student how much longer until he/she graduates, but you didnt ask, so Ill tell you that I probably have about 3.5 years left. (Hopefully.) My lab studies the development of several different types of neurons in the mammalian brain, and eventually wed like to be able to fix neurodegenerative diseases and neurological injuries using the stem cells native to the brain. Im specifically looking at the role of My Favorite Gene (MFG) in the development of corticospinal motor neurons in the cortex and medium-sized spiny neurons in the striatum we know its important, but we dont know how or why, so my job is to look at the mechanisms of MFG function in the development of these two types of neurons. (If this sounds totally sweet, join my lab we do take MIT UROPs. At the very least, come have $1 ice cream with me in the Mass General cafeteria. Graduate students get lonely.) Things are going well in the lab, although Im breeding a lot of mice right now, and sometimes I feel a little more like a mouse matchmaker than a scientist. I do also get to be a mouse surgeon, which is fun we put pregnant female mice under anesthesia, inject DNA into the embryos using ultrasound guidance, and sew up the females. A few days later, we collect the injected brains and look at the cells that received DNA, which glow green on the microscope. Things I do outside of lab (Graduate students dont really have lives outside of lab, but its fun to pretend.) This year Im at MIT two or three times a week, coaching the cheerleading squad. When I was at MIT, I cheered for four years and was captain for one; this, along with my ability to boss people around and show up on time, qualifies me to coach the squad, at least nominally. Mostly I think I just tell cheerleading stories from the olden days, throw Lulu up in the air (pics or it didnt happen), try to remember forgotten cheers, and get way too emotionally invested in MIT athletic events, but its great to be big and strong again I needed an excuse to get back in the gym. I spend the bulk of my free time hanging out with my curly-haired husband we like to cook together and go to Target (married life! it is exciting!). We also do dorky things for each other; for example, for our one-year wedding anniversary, he designed a mouse brain model in Solidworks and printed it for me on his offices 3D printer (picture, which does not really do justice to the awesomeness). I was thrilled, and everybody in my lab is totally jealous. He went a little more traditional for Christmas, getting me a diamond necklace and a four-foot light-up tinsel giraffe with a Christmas hat on it. (EDIT: For real. I got him a Nintendo DS Lite, a new pocket knife, and a Transformers belt buckle to wear during ski competitions. We think frivolity is a very important aspect of our gift-giving.) I also spend a lot of time on the internets answering questions about MIT and college admissions and life at my internet home, which, contrary to popular opinion, is a good place as long as youre willing to actually contribute instead of just pontificating. (Ahem.) Im busy almost as busy as I was when I was at MIT. Busy is good.

Analysis Of Death Of A Salesman And Fences

Legacy in ‘Death of a Salesman’ and ‘Fences’ I am convinced that the greatest legacy we can leave our children are happy memories: those precious moments so much like pebbles on the beach that are plucked from the white sand and placed in tiny boxes that lay undisturbed on tall shelves until one day they spill out and time repeats itself, with joy and sweet sadness, in the child now an adult. Parents play an enormous role on teaching their children different virtues and teaching them right from wrong. Whenever you have a bad parent that passes along some less desirable traits is when you see the troublesome children. Throughout Miller’s ‘Death of a Salesman’ and Wilson’s ‘Fences’, the legacy flowing through the generations shows through the characteristics on the sons of Willy Loman and Troy Maxson. In Wilson’s ‘Fences’, you can see some of the virtues that Troy’s father passed on to him. Tro y’s father was a worker and provider which shines in Troy’s characteristics. He has a job and is capable of providing for his family. Troy’s father was also abusive which was passed to Troy who was abusive towards his children. Wessling states, â€Å"moreover, August Wilson presents us with a multigenerational vision in which our sense of waste is more than balanced by an infusion of hope. Troy s father was less of a true man than Troy, but he was a worker and a provider. Troy, even as a runaway, carried with him his father s virtues along with a considerable lessening of the father sShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson And Death Of A Salesman870 Words   |  4 PagesFences by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller are two plays that are very similar to each other. They are different in terms of plot, but they are both stories about family conflicts and relationships between family members. In both plays, sport plays a big role i n the life of the characters as both sons of the main characters wish to play sports in school. 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Gatsby will eventually die due to his excessive greed, which is not unlike the emotional death of Willy Loman as he fails to become a successful salesman in Author Miller’s Death of a Salesman. More so, Hurston’s depiction of Nanny’s own failures in life by using her granddaughter, Janie, as vehicle for her own financial success. Nanny fails by forcing Janie into marriages with abusive menRead MoreCompare/Contrast Willy Loman (Death of a Salesman) and Walter Lee Younger (a Raisin in the Sun)2823 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Å"May I never wake up fro m the American dream.† Carrie Latet describes the most sought after dream: the dream of a house surrounded by a white picket fence, the dream people work their entire lives for, the dream people fight wars for: the American dream. However, America’s rise to industrialism in the 19th and 20th centuries replaced this dream with the desire to get rich fast. 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Stress on College Students - 797 Words

Recently, many first-year college students face to stress. Stress is come from different ways. From The Associated Press and MTV conducted a survey of college students, 74% of students feel stress about grades,67% of students feel stress about financial worries, 54% of students feel stress about their families and 53% of students feel stress about relationships(The Associated Press and MTV,2009). In the following, I would like to discuss what cause, effect and prevention of college stress. The cause of stress is divided to three parts. They are academic performance pressure, financial problem and family. The most important cause is academic performance pressure. In your college life, you have many works, such as attending classes, completing the readings, writing papers, managing projects and preparing for exam. For freshman, it may constitute stress. In addition, some freshman don’t know what happen when starting college, some students don’t know how to distribute their time to finish their project or assignment. Moreover, so many test and exam need to do revision, students who study all through the night because they worry they can’t get a content marks. Also, students who want get higher score and GPA to get scholarship, so the competition for earning top marks can be very fierce(White, 2010). â€Å"College life has become a lot more competitive, it’s much harder to get into schools, it is gotten a lot more expensive.† Say Elizab eth Scott, stress management expert. If youShow MoreRelatedCollege Students and Stress1649 Words   |  7 PagesCollege and Stress There are numerous stress factors college students encounter while striving to complete their educational goals. Their grades may be affected by daily life situation stressors that accumulate throughout the semester. 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Accumulation of theseRead MoreEffects Of Stress On College Students1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthem do. A problem faced by many college students in society is an overwhelming amount of unnecessary stress being placed on their shoulders. There are a variety of factors that can contribute to their high stress levels. Solving some sources of stress and helping students to cope with the immeasurable stress would help them to live happier, healthier lives. There are several ways the stress level of college students could be lowered, such as training programs, stress management classes, incoming freshmanRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On College Students709 Words   |  3 Pages Stress not only affects the work performance and grades in the classroom of a college student, it also affects their personal life too. With stress, people usually have too much pressure. They are overloaded with whatever is pressuring them, it brings them down and eventually over runs them. 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Lack of sleep and drowsiness in class is caused by stress; however, this will just further the stress because the studentRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On College Students991 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction of the Article Stress is something that everyone has to deal with. However, as unique as each person is, so is their response to stress. This case study, entitled: Exploring the Effect of Stress on Mood, Self-Esteem, and Daily Habits with Psychology Graduate Students, was performed due to the lack of quantitative data on the subject of the effects of stress on college students. The researchers stated their hypothesis in two parts. They are: â€Å"(1) daily habits, self-esteem, and mood

Income Inequality Free Essays

string(58) " money to hire more doctors and nurses \(Soroka, 2007, p\." Currently there are many problems and flaws with the way the Canadian government’s policies deal with healthcare, income inequality and poverty. Time to time changes in policies have been made, perhaps to improve these issues, however, the gap between rich and poor keeps increasing and there is very little improvement in healthcare and the economy. In fact, healthcare keeps on becoming costly. We will write a custom essay sample on Income Inequality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Major issues like income inequality and poverty are not being taken care of by the government. According to Dr. Raphael (2002) poverty is caused by several reasons such as inequality in people’s income, weak social services and lack of other social supports (p. VI). He states, â€Å"Poverty directly harms the health of those with low incomes while income inequality affects the health of all Canadians through the weakening of social infrastructure and the destruction of social cohesion. †(Raphael, 2002, p. VI) Income inequality and poverty are interrelated with the way government structures policy decisions in its social and economic sphere (Raphael, 2002, p. VI). Dr. Raphael (2002) also claims that the health effects of poverty is strongly related to income inequality and poverty because societies that has high levels of poverty is bound to be economically unequal (p. 4). Canada’s government policies are inefficient in preventing income inequality and poverty. We do not get to see the whole picture as to how the Canadian government ignores and/or fails to provide services in all parts of Canada who requires improvement of healthcare, prevent income inequality and poverty. People who are living in urban areas are extensively lacking access to healthcare. The population in rural areas of Canada are lower than the population in urban areas. As a result, the government provides less healthcare in rural, northern and remote areas (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. III). I believe government is able to do this because people in cities knows less and/or cares less about people living in rural and remote areas. And perhaps government purposely ignores these people in rural areas. For decades aboriginal people living in these areas has been deprived of their rights whether it was healthcare, social assistance, jobs and access to daily needs and services. These aboriginal people often face issues such as poverty and occupational hazards (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. III). The reason these problems occur is because government policies are not implemented properly in these areas and the health care professionals in these areas are also not trained properly and there are less staff members workings at these rural areas (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). There are shortages of doctors and nurses. There is less community health services in these areas. Also these areas are purposely given less funding by government and private organizations (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). The reports are not being prepared accurately for these areas and government does not make enough efforts to evaluate these reports properly (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). Some of the major healthcare services are lacking, such as major trauma, mental health services, palliative care, aged care, dental health services and children with special needs. I n most areas these services are not offered and sometimes culturally and linguistically they are not available (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). This means that in many cases a patient has to travel a great distance in order to get these services and this means spending a great deal of money from their own pocket and if they do not have it, they have no choice but to receive no services or care (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 25). Also women’s healthcare is a significant issue in rural areas. They have difficulties with giving births as there are not enough medically trained doctors for deliveries in rural areas (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 25). They often rely on family physicians and physicians trained in anaesthesiology to have deliveries done. Also there has been many closers of hospitals in these rural areas. As a result, now women too have to travel a great distance to have their deliveries done by a professional. Some women have to reach cities 1 month prior to their delivery and pay all their own expenses (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 25) Because of all these hospital closures and reduced services now there are problems with surgical procedures and pharmacists. Most of the doctors and pharmacists does not stay long in these areas. They leave the community and return to cities (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 26) Also these rural areas do not receive much care for alcohol problems and HIV/AIDS. These services are poorly served. Aboriginals are also not given proper education in how to prevent these diseases (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 26). These are some major issues that government fails to address or as it seems they choose purposely to ignore because these issues has been going on for decades. The government should be a bit responsible with making better policies and taking expert advices constantly to improve the policies. That is why we pay high taxes and high price for goods and services, so that the government should be always on their toe and working hard to make sure we get better and efficient policies. Policies that would help reduce inequalities and poverty in Canada. There are problems in cities too regarding healthcare access. Access such as emergency services, diagnostic equipment and medical specialist are problematic (Soroka, 2007, p. 15). Wait times get longer and longer each year (Soroka, 2007, p. 5). For example, a 50 year old women would have to wait 6 months for her biopsy, a 65 year old man who needs hip replacement has to wait 6-12 months for the surgery (Soroka, 2007, p. 15). There are also delays and lack of service for home care for senior citizens and elderly mentally challenged people. According to author Soroka (2007) 87 percent Canadians claim t hat there is a great amount of lacking in the number of doctors and nurses (p. 16). This happens because government is failing to provide more money to hire more doctors and nurses (Soroka, 2007, p. You read "Income Inequality" in category "Papers" 16). Yet, the government brings in many immigrant doctors and nurses based on their education who still can not find a job in Canada. So it seems that even when there is qualified doctors and nurses available, they government is failing or not investing enough amount of money to hire them. According to Green and Milligan (2007) the gap between Canada’s rich and poor has increased significantly from year 1980 to 2000 (p. 3). The study shows that rich and poor are heading in different directions at an extreme level where the top 1% earners and CEOs only getting richer while middle and the poor only gets poorer (Green Milligan, 2007, P. ). As an example Green and Milligan (2007) shows that during 1980 to 2000 top 5% Canadian earners earned about $121,260 disposable income where as the bottom 5% families had only $3,104 as disposable income (p. 3). This means that the top earners had 39 times higher income bottom 5% earners (Green Milligan, 2007, p. 3). The study suggests that the Ca nadian government’s used income tax policies in order to widen this gap of inequality between rich and poor (Green Milligan, 2007, p. 4). Green and Milligan (2007) states, â€Å"In 2000, the top 10% of income earners had a disposable income of approximately $97,000. That’s 16 times more than the average of $5,900 earned by the bottom 10% of income earners. †(P. 7) While top earners income rose, the bottom earners income remained the same (Green Milligan, 2007, p. 7). Also in a Globe Mail newspaper article author Tavia Grant (2008) points out that an average earner in the year 2005 earned about $41,401 which is almost the same as an average earner 1980 who earned $41,348 (p. 2). Therefore, it is evident that the poor and less advantaged are being kept at the same level of income and resources, while expenses and prices of goods and services has always gone up. As a result, it is the middle and the poor class who suffers by paying the price unfairly, because their income never increase and also their income stayed at the same level for 20 years. According to Grant (2008) 11. 4 percent lives below low income which is considered a poverty line (p. 3). Also immigrants in Canada earn way less then a Canadian born worker. Statistics show that immigrant men earned 63 cents for each dollar a Canadian-born worker earns (Grant, 2008, p. 3). In general, women earn about 85 cents for every dollar men earn (Grant, 2008, p. 3). Lower income deprives basic needs of human life, it leads to depression and it also leads to poverty sometimes. According to Mikkonen Raphael (2010) Canada’s richest neighbourhood’s residents on average, live four years more than the poorest neighbourhood (p. 12). Their study finds that the most deprived Canadians had 28% higher death rates than the least deprived Canadians. Also health issues are a major concern because the poor has far more health issues like heart attacks and diabetes (Mikkonen Raphael, 2010, p. 12). They lack resource and information. The poorest neighbourhoods also have a much higher suicide rate (Mikkonen Raphael, 2010, p. 12). Therefore, in Canada it is evident that income inequality is not being addressed by government policies, it is depriving and affecting the poor and the immigrants, and it is also making them vulnerable where it becomes really difficult to climb out of their situation. Sweden’s government has a different policy for income inequality and poverty. As author Palme (2006) indicates that Sweden’s government is doing well in promoting reduction in poverty and inequality (P. 16). Swedish government has a universal model of social protection. This social protection plan reaches out to venerable people in both rural and urban areas. This plan protects women’s labour force, aging population, all kinds of workers and salary based employees (Palme, 2006, p. 16). The plan also combines both public and private sector where improvement is necessary. There are three basic parts o this program. First, family support and old-age pension program which comes under citizenship benefits. Secondly, for different sectors of society there is a universal scheme which is the social earning insurance. Finally, there is housing benefits and social assistance in which income is verified and tested for families with elders and children (Palme, 2006, p. 16). By using these tactics the Swedish government has been successful in reducing overall inequalities to some extent (Palme, 2006, p. 16). Our government has somewhat similar policies for social services and assistance. However, Sweden pushes the boundaries in making the policies better and providing better services to its citizen. Perhaps Canadian government should also look to other countries and/or advices, it does not have to be Sweden, but they should at least try and find different policies that works better for Canadians. One of the major crisis that the Canadian middle and the working class is facing today is coming out of the 2008 world wide recession. Minimum wage is still very low compared to the rising prices of goods and expenses. During the recession people lost jobs, hours were cut and a lot of people were laid off. In order to survive and pay their bills, a lot of low income Canadians had no choice but to borrow and acquire huge amounts of debts. However, most of the top earners and CEOs kept the same paycheques that they were earning before the recession, while the working class took and are still taking most of the financial blow (CBC News, 2011). This makes their lives even more difficult. Therefore, much of countries capital money is circulating at the top, the vast middle and working class does not have the purchasing power to keep the economy flowing. For a short term goal I would like to propose ‘tax reforms’. Tax reforms that is going to reduce taxes for middle and the working class. Also provide a wage support. Increase marginal income tax on the top earners and limit their earnings. There are a lot of elites and CEOs in Canada who are fortunate and skilled enough to earn a very high income. For example, if someone is earning $500, 000 or $5 million a year then they should pay much higher income tax than what they are paying now. Their tax money should be used not only to evenly distribute, but they should be used to better health services, education, social services and transportation. This way it will not only circulate the money back to middle and working class but it will also help families and individual advance in their life. This helps society as a whole. There are several reasons why government should accept my policy rather than accepting others policies. It is common sense that first and the most important basic need for human is being stable mentally and physically. To maintain this stability you need food, shelter, health, clothing and most importantly education. When people are deprived of these basic needs because of poverty or less income, then the outcome might only be negative consequences and there also might be a social crisis. A society cannot function and/or improve without meeting these basic needs. A society also cannot improve without better education, better healthcare and better social assistances. Therefore, government of Canada should look to invest in poor and hard working people with low income, by providing their basic needs and by educating them in different areas of the policies we have and how to get help from different social assistance programs. Perhaps the government should also take public opinions, discussions and ideas into consideration while making major decisions and policies because it’s the people’s problems that they need to address and the only way to address them is to find out first hand what the real problems are, and what are the best means by which the government can provide efficient and helpful service to the public. The government should also improve income distribution and tax policies. I believe there is no better investment than investing in every person in society and government should focus on improving human capital. In the long run, investing in improvement of human capital improves society and mankind as a whole. How to cite Income Inequality, Papers

Ethical Issues Confronting IT Managers

Quewstion: Discuss about the Ethical Issues Confronting IT Managers. Answer: Introduction Ethical concern is becoming the most relevant and important aspect related to the information and technology. Ethics is nothing but the right choice of action according to any issue or situation. In this report, the one of the ethical issues of confronting IT managers are being discussed to understand the impact of violating measures of privacy. In addition to this, the ethical issues chosen for discussing above mentioned aspect is availability of information is leading to the misuse of those information. This report is covering the following aspects: viewpoint of the stakeholders about the ethical issues, importance of ethical concerns rather than the legal action in considering the resolution process of ethical issues, ethical obligation of stakeholders and guidance of the Australian Code of Ethics to the story. Chosen story for describing ethical issues confronting IT Managers is: Facebooks WhatsApp Privacy Changes Raise EU, U.S. Concerns (Bloomberg.com 2016). Ethical issues from the viewpoint of stakeholders in the story There are mainly three stakeholders in the concerned story related to misuse of availability of information. These stakeholders are Users of Facebook and WhatsApp, FTP and the companies itself (Bloomberg.com 2016). Different ethical viewpoint of these stakeholders are explained below. Ethical issues from the viewpoint of Facebook and WhatsApp The story published on 29th August of 2016 it was clear that the above mentioned famous organization of social networking are misusing the private data for their own benefits. The organizations are using these data for making revenues through collaborating with their advertising and other social networking partners such as banks, Instagram and Facebook etc (Weiss 2014). From the ethical point of view, this decision is not correct as these organizations are using the private data without the permission of the users. FTP charged Facebook and WhatsApp for their violation of commitment with them. Ethical issues from the view point of users of Facebook and WhatsApp Users are main object in the concerned case. All the specifications are evolving around the needs of the user. In contrast with the ethical viewpoint of this case, users are completely suffered due to the unethical decisions of the social networking organizations. Facebook and WhatsApp shares all the private and confidential data of users to their business partners (Bloomberg.com 2016). This aspect helps these business partners to send messages and detailed information to the users such as offers, new schemes and other details that their organization want to provide. According to the U.S. federal Trade Commission, Facebook and WhatsApp has violated the federal law of banning unfair and deceptive practices (Bloomberg.com 2016). This detail has guided the user of these social networking sites that they should change their personal data regularly in order to have secured way of transactions and also secured way of searching within the internet. Ethical issues from the view point of FTP The U.S. Federal Trade Commission has recognized two complaints from the end of users of Facebook and WhatsApp. These complaints are the user data is being misused by the business partners as well as social networking sites itself. Private data such as phone numbers, date of birth of the user, address and other than these personal data are being transferred to the business partners of Facebook and WhatsApp for making their brand popular and increase the revenues (Bloomberg.com 2016). According to the ethical concerned viewpoint of FTP, they are blaming these social networking sites to violate the prohibition acts against these deceptive practices. European Union Regulators have said that the users of these social networking sites should change their personal data for their own safety (Zydziunaite and Suominen 2014). Therefore, from the ethical point of view in this case, FTP plays a positive role in providing and they are ethically correct. Justification for resolving the issues through ethical process rather than the legal one Ethical evaluation is very important while considering the resolution process of unethical act. Ethics is one of most important aspects that should be concerned while measuring the effectiveness of the issue, situation or incident. Ethics helps to define the outcomes of any case or situation with respect to right or wrong measures (Bloomberg.com 2016). According to the case analyzed in this report, the case can be resolved by forcefully applying any acts or law but it will not directly affect the wrong concern of the targeted stakeholders (Chen and Zhao 2012). Ethical evaluation of the case not only helps to identify the depth and impact of the case on other stakeholders as well as on population but also helps to set a new making level of the ethical concern. The social networking sites and FTP can easily analyze the problems of the users and accordingly the social networking media has changed their policies that had made the personal data protected from any kind of attack or hacking measures. According to the ethical measures, Facebook and WhatsApp are obliged to ask the users for transferring their data to the other business organizations (Bloomberg.com 2016). Form the ethical point of view FTP states that these social networking media has violated the law of restricting deceptive practices. Sale to Facebook it was the first step by it towards the unethical measures. They changed all the setting of the WhatsApp that helps them to earn more money from the competitive market (Bloomberg.com 2016). Following are the justified measures for choosing the ethical aspects to resolve any issues rather than legal actions: Honesty: Honesty is a crucial matter of concern that specifies the appropriateness of the actions. Ethical resolution process in this case does not create any forceful impact on the social networking media and government (Martin et al. 2016). It resolved the problems smoothly. Objectivity: Ethical measures always keep the objectives highlighted. In this case, the main objective is to protect the user data and their privacy rights (Jung et al. 2013). With the help of legal actions objectives may be highlighted but the resolution process of the issue may become harmful to some extent. Integrity: Any legal action cannot provide justice to all the stakeholders of any case but ethical measures provide same importance to all the stakeholders of the concerned case. Carefulness: Ethical evaluation may be some times rough and straightforward action to the targeted stakeholders but it always provide careful attention to each stakeholders involved within the case. Respect for intellectual property: Ethical concern not only provides attention to the users of Facebook and WhatsApp but also take care of the social networking media while considering the importance of social media (Bloomberg.com 2016). Confidentiality: Confidentiality is always maintained in case of the ethical measurement, as the confidentiality is one of the most important pillars of judgment. Social responsibilities: Ethical evaluation is done with respect to the legal rights and moral aspects of human that is in turns connected with the social responsibility (Adelola et al. 2015). Legality: On the other hand, the ethical measure always follows the legal aspects of the rules and regulations. Human Subject Protection: Moral values are always concerned while performing any ethical evaluation of any issue. Ethical obligations of the stakeholders towards each other and general population Facebook and WhatsApp are leading social media platforms. Though these have affected upon the modern era, still it has some obligations that has to be followed by these giants. These are mentioned as follows: Fair dealings: In contrast with the case analyzed in this report, it is found that WhatsApp and Facebook have not maintained fair dealings (Eckhoff and Sommer 2014). They had used their customer data to earn more revenues. This aspect leads to the unfair dealings. Therefore this obligation should have to be followed by the organization. Positive attitude towards regulating acts: Facebook and WhatsApp has violated the law of banning deceptive practices according to FTP (Bloomberg.com 2016). Therefore, the positive attitudes of these Social networking sites are not shown. Social responsibility: In contrast with the social responsibility the social networking, sites have no maintained their responsibility towards the society. Ethical obligation of FTP towards other stakeholders of the case Several obligatory measures should be provided by FTP to the citizens of U.S. these measures are stated as follows: Consumer protection: FTP has obliged to the users of Social networking sites and it should protect the rights of customer privacy (Bloomberg.com 2016). In contrast with the case being discussed in this report, the leading social networking giants are forced change their new policies. Violation of Public policies: FTP has reviewed that the leading social networking giant violates the Law of banning deceptive practices (Slade and Prinsloo 2013). Therefore, they had taken right steps to provide justified measures to this aspect. Unethical conduct: It is the duty of the FTP to ensure that all the measures conducted by any organizations are going in an ethical way. In contrast with this rule, this aspect is maintained here. Ethical obligation of users towards other stakeholders of the case There are two ethical obligations that have to be followed by the consumers or user related to the social networking (Smith et al. 2013). The user has to pay the appropriate amount of money to the organization in order to get the disrupted service form the end of authority. In case of the FTP, the users of social networking media have to follow the rules and regulations of this concerned authority to maintain ethical evaluation perfect and justified (Hong and Thong 2013). In contrast with the case, here the users of social networking media follow both of these obligations. Guidance of ACS to the ethical issues in the story There are six code of conduct in according to the ACS code of ethics. According to the context of the case is being analyzed in the report two guidance can be provided to the stakeholders of the case. These codes are primacy of the public interest and honesty. Honesty is mentioned inn order to highlight the unethical steps taken by the leading social networking giant (Buchanan 2012). They should maintain honesty in order deal ethically with their consumers. primacy of the public interest and honesty are applicable to the FTP for improving their justice towards the consumers as well as users of some policies (Hardy 2015). The social networking giants and FTP can follow these codes in order to serve the consumers in a better way. Conclusion It can be concluded that in most of the cases of information-technology, ethical concern is being highlighted as technological advancements are introducing new threats to the information system. In contrast with the real life case related to ethical issues confronting IT Managers, it can be evaluated that the ethical concern and justification of the measures are very important. This report has provided an overview of the stakeholders involved within the story as well as the resolution process of the ethical issues. In addition to this, ethical obligations of each stakeholder are elaborated in a detailed manner. This elaboration highlighted the need of guidance from the ACS Code of Conduct. Two guidance are provided to evaluate the role of each stakeholders in contrast with the ethical evaluation. References Adelola, T., Dawson, R. and Batmaz, F., 2015. Privacy and data protection in e-commerce in developing nations: evaluation of different data protection approaches. 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