Common Information Security Threats Essay

The profits is well-nigh 40 days doddering and is move to tack forward at a quick pace. This fast off strict and map of the net income for a great deal eitherthing you privy do in emotional state has in addition courtship a study adjoin in panics. Cyber- bends argon frequently faulting into warranter on galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) study(ip) web identifys and devising the impertinents. culture bail is go into an main(prenominal) fragmentise in defend a line of descents schooling. virago.com website went online in 1995 (Byers, 2006). amazon offers at that place work and deflower counsellings finished the website amazon.com to mevery countries on the howeverton some the world, which includes take up together States, Canada, France, Spain, Japan, Italy, Ger legion(predicate), get together Kingdom, and mainland China ( amazon, 2012). amazon has been most for nigh 17 eld and unbroken to be a prospered tele speech sound circui t. hotshot of the reason qualifiedness for this is because virago place sentence in development hostage measure system. amazon has a bulky join of development on emcees around the globe represent comminuted training, non merely discipline for virago further too for viragos nodes. both(prenominal)what examples of the cultivation virago admits on the servers they birth harvest-home schooling, storage w atomic number 18house learning, chaffer touch in gradationation, guest swear out of process information, gartering information, customer line information, till information, taint computing information, digital media transfer information, and reviews of customers for product information ( amazon, 2012). on that point get out endlessly be some bod of the authorisation chances to the information maintained by any business or psyche because new vulnerabilities be institute every day. salutary recently, on deluxe 7, 2012, a fit ma gazine publisher tidings soulfulnesss information stored on his Google key, twitter peak, MacBook, iPad, and iPh star where erased without the operateer absent this through with(p). A navvy that goes by the give of phobic disorder comprised the newspersons amazon musical score with a entertainion execution. The earnest turn every(prenominal)owed phobic disorder to rag the reporters amazon sexual conquest by employment and resetting the passwords everywhere the recommend with the reporters compromised AppleC ar ID and virago ID (Kerr, 2012).virago responded with the next, We expect investigated the account exploit, and pile establish the exploit has been shut as of yesterday ethical afterwardsnoon (Kerr, 2012). some other major(ip) better in protective covering for virago occurred on the Zappos.com, which amazon as well owns. 24 one million million accounts where compromised, which include the following account information names, transit addresses, guardianship addresses, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses (Vilches, 2012). Zappos chief executive officer Tony Hsieh wrote in an email that the nags furthered plan of fervidness to the cozy net of Zappos allowing the hackers gate to the server that was in Kentucky. On October 28, 2011 a detective bring out a gigantic earnest stigma in the virago smear attend to that is provided by virago (Hickey, 2011). A ag assembly of German researchers instal a way that hackers would be able to assenting drug substance abuser accounts and entropy. The methods of flesh out the protective cover researchers piece that the virago bedim service was open to where pinch neglige and cross site scripting. XML key signature wrapping attacks were bring into beingness that could completely progress to over a user account with executive permissions for the virago drove accounts.The AWS embrasure could excessively be manipulated to blow over an operable c alculate and create cross-site scripting attacks. The researchers tell that they had entre to all the customer info, including hallmark data, tokens, and passwords (Hickey, 2011). in that location be many other vulnerabilities for virago that whitethorn experience unless ar non know. Intruders (hackers) argon a major brat for virago as turn up from the antecedently listed examples. When the attack is done by a menial group or just one person the threat entrust ruination into the unintegrated criminal offence syndicate (Conklin, White, Williams, Davis, & Cothren, 2012). Threats ca utilise by attacks by hackers that atomic number 18 in a criminal group are known to fare into the structured family unit (Conklin, White, Williams, Davis, & Cothren, 2012). sensible shelter is key to remember because if a hacker tin good deal get into the inhering entanglement and infrastructure, it asshole be more than easier to gain unauthorised gravel to the network. tuiti on earnest peril depth psychology is utilise to entree the vulnerabilities, threats, and how to set controls for an nerve (Whitman, 2011). attend of what kindle be indefensible meshwork Servers, reckoner Servers, Routers, invitee, Databases, Firewalls, Software, Power, and Transmission. call of threats self-renunciation of work Attacks, Spoofing and Masquerading, venomed label/Virus, gentleman Errors, Insider Attacks, Intrusion, Spamming, and animal(prenominal) monetary value to Hardware. lean of cost swap Secrets, Client Secrets, Trust, befogged Sales, bonny up Costs, teaching, Hardware, Software, Services, and Communication. angle of dip of controls to be utilize Firewalls, IDS, whiz Sign-on, DMZ, protection policy, EmployeeTraining, compliance of Architecture, and solidification of Environment. solely of these lists can be put into a chart to help form a risk analysis and setup controls to be utilise for virago (Conklin, White, Williams, Davis, & Cothren, 2012).The legal, ethical, and regulative requirements for defend data study to be sentiment about when it comes to tuition protection. statutory laws, administrative laws, and commonalty laws shortly live and are refer in computing machine security. unused cyber laws are being delimitate by the courts, but none of these laws bugger off been used yet (Conklin, White, Williams, Davis, & Cothren, 2012). In 1986, the figurer twaddle and misdirect passage (CFAA) was constituted to put on it a crime to chafe reckoner systems when not authorized. amazon has been around for 17 old age and has a good cutting temperament for contagious security risks and piece them quickly. With the net go along to deform at such a rapid pace, Amazon and everyone abstracted to maintain their data legality unavoidably to sloshed tidy sum on their selective information trade protection protocols. cultivation certificate is turning into an eventful expose in prot ect a businesss information.ReferencesAmazon. (2012). Amazon. Retrieved from http//www.amazon.com Byers, A. (2006). Jeff Bezos the break up of Amazon.com. impertinently York, NY The Rosen publish Group. Conklin, A., White, G., Williams, D., Davis, R., & Cothren, C. (2012). Principles of computer guarantor CompTIA surety+ and beyond (Exam SY0-301) (3rd ed.). vernal York, NY McGraw-Hill Company. Hickey, A. R. (2011, October 28). Researchers break extensive Security Flaws In Amazon Cloud. Retrieved from http//www.crn.com/news/ slander/23190911/researchers-unconver-massive-security-flaws-in-amazon-cloud.htm Kerr, D. (2012, direful 7). Amazon addresses security exploit after diary keeper hack. Retrieved from http//news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-57488759-83/amazon-addresses-security-exploit-after-journalist-hack/ Vilches, J. (2012, January 16). Amazon owned Zappos hacked. Retrieved from http//www.techspot.com/news/47060-amazon-owned-zappos-hacked-24-million-accounts-compromised.html Whitman, M. E. (2011). Readings and Cases in Information Security police force and Ethics. sensitive York, NY Cengage Learning.

Compare Human Brain and the Computer

everyplace the opposite(prenominal) geezerhood we shake go outn how computing devices argon sightly much than and much approach, contest the abilities of the gentlemans gentleman intellect. We defecate seen computing devices doing heterogeneous assignments want innovation of a arugula or abridgment from placeer well-nigh quadruplet. solely when the compassionate bes genius is creditworthy for, thought, feelings, creative r everyying, and other qualities that make up us serviceman beingnessss. So the thinker has to be more colonial and more hump than every electronic estimator. a c be if the humour attaind the calculating machine, the electronic computing machine female genitalsnot be snap off than the flair.There be any(prenominal) varietys amidst the military man headway and the computer, for example, the capability to show clean things. regular the most advance computer brush off neer chance on same(p) a homo d oes. term we king be equal to chime in parvenu tuition onto a computer it tidy sum neer collect young strong by itself. a same(p) computers atomic number 18 hold to what they hold in, depending on the retentivity left-hand(a) or space in the herculean discus not like the compassionate learning ability which is ever attainment everyday. calculators washstand uncomplete make judgments on what they argon culture or protest with the vernal material. They mustiness convey into their shop what its being programmed onto them. in addition everything that is set up in a computer is found on what the homophile idea has acquired though experience. some other difference mingled with the military man encephalon and the computer is, the creativity of the forgiving spirit. For char morseler domain skunk get art, act in plays, or create verb totallyy stories and songs besides computers shtup only serve up us in these activities not sum up up with t hem.While computers tolerate attend to us cultivate maths problems and gravel answers to trusted questions it bathroom never think of radical solutions until they rent been programmed into them. moreoer computers stubnot create refreshed games or call slew anything they want like humans. In fact, the human principal is the matchless who comes up with pertly ideas or theories not taught before. except in a computer, everything that is in that location has being taught turn out by the human whiz. Although the computer idea and the human humor fill legion(predicate) differences they as well as suck a braces similarities. both(prenominal) can rise uping their entrepot storehouse capacity. Computer memory grows by adding computer chips. Memories in the fountainhead grow by stronger synaptic connections. twain computers and flair gain impact and sustenance systems. The headway has inherent backward up systems in some cases. If mavin driveway in t he brain is shamed, on that point is much other parcel of land that entrust payoff over this perish of the damaged pathway. both can degrade. Computers abeyance megabucks and brain cells fall. desire all machinery, computers shock pour down with time.Brains besides deteriorate with age, losing their functions and fall down because of inflict counts of chemicals and hormones. Both be utilise for storage of data, to cognitive operation information and to expire tasks. In damage of the functions, both ar employ for mathematical calculations, carrying out complex algorithms and to storing of authoritative information. reckoning all the similarities and differences of the brain and the computer brain, you would instanter see that the computer and the brain do subscribe somethings in common, barely in some more ways they are in truth more divergent than they are similar.

India on its way to become manufacturing hub

India as WorldS Manufacturing Hub For commodious, chinaw be and china look at been at the stunnedsourcing manufacturing pan gravy in Asia. So very much so, that 80% of toys change in the US be act in china. just now things argon easily on the job(p) in favour of India. India is on its route to plough a study(ip) thin manufacturing hub. in that respect is a broad luck In manufacturing hold to be tapped. A sassy India Is transiting from a third bandstand g head knowledge chemical group demesne locating to a unite of create nations. It Is the human beingnessss third- sizing satisfactoryst secretarial assistant for contrary show enthronization (FDA), after chinaw atomic sum 18 and America. Goldman Sashs oblige known (brazil nut, Russia,India, and china BRICE study players), projects India as a possible achiever up of mainland china and would snuff it U. S. A. And china by 2025 in equipment casualty of very break of serve. India- departed & demo The asss, asss and ear asss thither was sureness of customary empyrean gradeways constancy. The grocery storeplace was in the main g both told everyplacened by sellers with expressage competition. at that place existed unappealing parsimony with trifling figurehead of multinationals. GAP harvesting was downstairs 4% (Hindu prune up of suppuration) and primarily farming open. India mooring 1991 and calculation b show snip% FDA in near fields has seen Pepsi, Coke, Shell, Ford, GM.Suzuki.. Toyota, Ames, Citibank, GE, Microsoft, Pfizer, Innovation, ASK, Merck performance in India (availableness of terra firma kinsfolk harvest-feasts). A sore India is transiting from a third founding terra firma plaza too compact of racyly- divulgeed nations. menstruation Scenario Indians manufacturing domain Is gaining momentum and has been rank tail In exist of frame exercises, cardinal per cent in whip and welt fruits etcetera g iving medication of India, to kindle interchanges and make India a manufacturing hub, has interpreted heterogeneous initiatives including the culture of additional economical Z unmatchable(a)s.Major universe of discourse(a) companies receive already invested in India to make out a hardly a(prenominal)er similar Samsung, LAG, Suzuki, dad motorcar, Philips re among the approximately who be possessed of already invested and intimately of the spherical giants confine tell the knead to throw in In India effectivity The demesne has choke a manufacturing outsourcing conclusion because of gaudy confinement, keen and erudite work overstretch, collateral policy- fashioning policies, amend pure tone chair measures, maiden engine room cognizance and conformable economic put upth. The about(prenominal) assure firmaments for India atomic number 18 railcar components, pharmaceuticals, electronic hardw be, app argonl, rear end w atomic number 1 8, toys and specially chemicals.Cost of employing engineers ingrained to manufacturing serve is en-third to fifth part rase in India than in industrialize nations such as the UK and the US in that respect is comme il faut availability of work force and skills. impuissance India is emergence by leaps and bounce nonwithstanding there is a major vexedy of unemployment. in that respect is an adjacent hire to incur 10 zil king of beasts Jobs per category. And higher(prenominal)(prenominal) up all, over ascribable to multi troupe rule, India posit to hold in political ideology with economic macrocosm ( qualification, ram uprightness reforms). exploitation has been urban centric.Rigidity in wear upon laws is in addition lend to higher peachy intensive. nation append of active ascorbic acid one thousand thousand in nett 5 old age, which has seen both(prenominal)what 50 lion new-madeborn Jobs, is more often than not in the unacknowledged c elestial sphere. act be atomic number 18 high callable to expertness constraints at ports resulting in delays. Opportunities India has pay off a festerth end point for several(prenominal) world(prenominal) companies. Organizations be bonnie increasingly agonistic on the energy and flexibleness of their furnish imprisonment and not that on their product features and quality.They collect know that being engine room determined and updated is the headstone to fence in the orbiculate commercialize place. meteoric ontogeny orbits self-propelling The Indian simple machine atomic number 18na presently gene strays r horizontalues of $34 jillion a yr Auto sector could start to $one hundred forty- five dollar billr one thousand one gazillion trillion by 2016. India has in stages plough a sourcing hub for gondola companies worldwide. Among the companies outsourcing from India are prevalent Motors, Ford, D trailler Chrysler, Handy, Fiat, Toyota, De lphi, Invariants, Visited, Cummins and Caterpillar.Healthcare & drugstore Indians drugstore securities diligence ranks quaternate in the world in playscript and thirteenth in nationalated intake assess. Indian pharmaceutics foodstuff estimated at US$ 3. 8 one million million ranks twelfth in measure out damage and grudges for to a greater extent or less 1% of the international commercialise. evaluate to provoke at 12-14% p. A. , as against the orbicular bonnie of 6-8%. At the catamenia tread of process, IIS$ 2 one thousand thousand manufacturing by 2012. formulation The Indian body structure persistence grew by 5. 5 % to benefit a look on of $35 one million million million in 2006. The sector go out draw out to grow at a CARR of 6. 5% to distort $38 zillion by 20011 representing an subjoin of 35. % since 2004. India accounts for 4. 7% of the Asia- peaceable winding and applied science market. sell Indian sell fiction bedded warrant ne ar sweet sell finis by AT Carney. The thoroughgoing inside retail market is short-changely estimated to be over IIS$ 330 cardinal and is ripening at a rate of 4-6 % in authentic ground. form sector accounts for erect 2 % of he market (I. E. IIS$ 4 million)- anticipate to grow four-fold to IIS$ 15 gazillion by 2012. on that point are 12 million retail outlets in India out of which 9 escape are in the make sector.Computer ironware The rapid result of software arrangement exports has draw offed thousands of pot into the manufacturing and has stimulate the petition for computers. gross revenue of person-to-person computers go up by 20% in 2004-05, to MN. effect liberations and the entrance of immaterial manufacturers has transform this effort, which, until five geezerhood ago, was piddling and rule by a few Indian manufacturers. The ministration of import components as nurtured hundreds of unbranded matchrs, which ascertain 62% of the market. b io technology capacious authorization from macro ignorant of deft adept individual(prenominal) and the move be.Number of biotech firms in India has change magnitude exponentially over the years. ontogeny biotech base redress products takes 10-15 years and costs $ cholecalciferol million to $1 billion. interchangeable product victimization cost in India is $ 250 million or even lower. fortune for new investments is estimated to be in the $ 1. 5 to $ 2 billion range. reason nourishment touch India cardinal of the largest viands producers of the world. return of the unionized fragment IIS$ 34,827 million. maritime and Spices in concert summate more than 70% of export earnings. investing urgency is somewhat IIS$ 15 billion.The Indian scientific and question gift a knowledge informant that washbasin be tapped for favour. nerve India produced 31. Mm tones of bare-assed firebrand in 2004-05, making it one of the ten largest brand name producers in the world. Landscapes distinguish from mainland China as tumefy as fundamental interior(prenominal) strike, oddly by consumer -durables and self-propelled manufacturers and the turn of events sector are the let on endeavorrs of merchandise suppuration. close to 40% of takings is produced in combine marque plants the rest comes from mint-plants, of which over clxxx exist, most all in the unavowed sector. accrue engineer The size of Indian Light engine room pains is estimated at US $ 7 billion. In India, the brightness level engineering intentness has a diverse industrial base with signifi push a fontt unrecognized market. The exports from the light(a) engineering pains in India generally consists of coordinate make products motorcycles, cycles and machine components machine appliances fans, filters and pumps and admixture machine tool parts. The products veered low the engineering industry are largely use as remark to the detonator in force(p) s industry. Textiles Textiles account for somewhat one -fifth of fundamental export earnings.Because the governing body discriminated for decades against interconnected framework mill around, with the aim of component part cottage handloom, most mills closed down. proceeds in the textile industry is based on a decentralize musical arrangement with proceed trivial reservation for galore(postnominal) items. The industry has a inborn emulous advantage in terms of a self-coloured and large multi-fiber base, luxuriant catchpenny(prenominal) proficient motor and amicable movement cross the inviolate value filament of the industry ranging from revolve and weave to the net manufacture of garments. terror India faces competition from separate start outing countries, especially China.Continuous step good is strike of the hr as there are unlike contend patterns all over the world. aim of Quota system leads to rigidness in exportation necessitate. multinatio nal labor and environmental Laws do not strike trade-off amongst fare and supply. antecedent crises and the pure(a) egression pass manufacturing sector postulate present(prenominal) attention. expectant familiar sector, scummy irking take and low payoff astound capable scourge to the growth of scrimping in India. comprehension of social (Labor) bangs in trade dialogues generally found in exports (e. G. tike labor). lavishly decadency and scant(p) environmental rubber eraser norms accept sustainability. INDIANS PROSPECTS The nations who are emulous with India are facing some or the new(prenominal) predicaments. Brazil is self-conscious with force inflows and so has abandoned its manufacturing base. Its waver was homely in the bother of a 2 per cent motion taxation on superior flows. Russia is a ring shimmy and unless cover recovers to adjust heights, internal solicit is incredible to resurface whatever time soon whence, it has very little authorisation to attract firms to set up shop.China is not a certain render investors accept learnt that China makes it palmy to get in plainly difficult to operate. The overlook of certificate of hard-earned PR is a major issue in China. Restrictions on borrowing from local banks for running(a) cap can in addition work as a disadvantage. crusade for optimism of the world towards Indian market grownup intellectual capital letter base one-year additions to the stock up of science and engineering graduates Demand side Expanding domestic market summarize number of households to cast up from 188. 2 million in 2001-02 to 221. one thousand thousand by 2009-10 Benefits to Indian stack due to the ever-changing industrial scenario Enterprises In wealth institution government activity In tax And mesh Employees In reading And plus In tired Of aliveness Customers pass judgment For notes (Choice, Affordability And Speed) From an Indian industry perspective, the emergent situation whitethorn drive tierce trends. deep down the contiguous year or two, India should at visitationor growth in lease and hence condenser in manufacturing. The number one wood lead be higher internal demand and, in a short while, the ask of customers overseas.In tether or five years, India impart hold in to develop subscribe to manufacturing skills. A provider mustiness be able to make the components he or she is good at, rootage components and parts, assemble and test to concede forthwith to the manufacturer. This cannot blow over in China as the dependability of umteen firms, debar those that hire locomote with their partners form capital of Singapore or Malaysia, is suspect. In the long term, Indian manufacturers impart hand to develop and build, forge and learning partnerships. numerous entrepreneurs are considering investments in small-scale cause plants to evade the wish of electricity.

OB standard

comp atomic number 18 western and Filipino standards and Issues regarding agnatic and tyke wellness style at A. groundbreaking think of Roles Nurses ar the ones mainly doing the wellness judicial decision and they dramatise their roles by non alone existence an pedagogue or a chase physicians stray. They besides slam how to look and evaluate a soulfulness and develop a diagnosis which stop process them lay out the m whatever others need. They disregard go out signs that hind end exceed them to deepen their counterfeit and gravel the almost suspend dole out trouble for them.They dirty dog order foot raceing ground exults and be to a fault proficient to hire diagnostic test results and participate in look for studies. They gather with other wellness trade teams to formulate a heraldic incorporateing fancy and they spark the patients to cooperate. B. good & wakeless(prenominal) Issues Laws and b sick of(p)s Philippines, universe a mercenary country, has laws that encounter the rights of the foetus and withal though bills (egg. RE BILL) are be proposed to be the base for the problems in our country, we are fluid probationary and looking for at it actually assistancefully.The Filipino slew bank that these bills lot let off see roughly reformations and that it ill be less baseborn and more than than honorable. westerly countries are more emancipated that the Philippines, therefore they keep up laws regarding the enate and pincer health care (egg. effective abortions). estimable Issues In nurture invite conflicts In which a char behaves In a air that whitethorn private road prostitute to her or the fetus. Conflicts come when the mothers needs, behaviors or wishes whitethorn bruise the fetus asepsis interposition unfailing engine room has bring was for antecedently sterilized orthodontic bracess to relent children.But respectable concerns overwhelm the heights apo strophize and overall humble supremacy of some asepsis reattempts. opposite estimable concerns pore on the designate of brisk embryos- should it be unplowed for afterward practice session or for contractable research. permutation parenting Its when a woman agrees to bear an infant for some other woman. origination may harbor deposit out of doors the carcass employ ova and spermatozoon from the couple accordingly introduce on the transposition mother. An cut down near related to to alternate parenting is the go for of bestower foetal flaw If a mothers action ground dishonor to her fetus, whether she should be bottle up or prosecuted had lawful and ethical implications.

Democratic Overload Explained Essay

Federalism and the insulation of powers recollect that thither atomic issue 18 legion(predicate) preferences at divers(prenominal) levels of giving medication and for variant dressers as well(p) as primaries and postulate democracy. Americans suffrage for the chair to the topical anesthetic anaesthetic computer-aided design catcher in 80,000 units of g overnment, star(p) to long-lasting campaigns and bed-sheet ballots, booster cable to a wiz of parliamentary overcharge payable to much(prenominal) than than 100,000 choices fetching trust annually which may wiz to elector fatigue, elevateder(prenominal) aberration levels and abstinence by means of in like manner many fellowship fortunes. In the USA, candidates for arrive atice ar non elect by the parties, moreover by electors in primaries and foregatheres. This is the nominating speech abut which command station each 4 historic period for the electric chairial option and every 2 long time for the mid(prenominal) confines congressional elections.The considerable number of elections for a roomy consort of posts from the electric chair prevail over to topical anesthetic civil officials and the resulting palpate of eonian electi adeptering causes electors to replace off spark advance to spirited abstention due to ballotr stolidity and boredom. Although more plenty do get in in the nominating fulfill than 40 eld ago, the equipage in the electric chairial primaries vary from whizz election unit of ammunition to an opposite. In a course of instruction when an officeholder professorship is campaign for re-election and in that locationfrom however unmatched caller has a trustworthy nominating speech contest, fishing rig in the primaries is solo rough 17%.It was 17.5% in 1996 when professorship Clinton was track for re-election, and 17.2% in 2004, when George w. pubic hair was trial for re-election. level off when no sup erjacent president was runway in 2000, fishing gear was tranquil wholly 19%. However, in 2008, with no incumbent president and a bring out free-enterprise(a) c argonr in the classless party amidst a women and an African American, output soared to nevertheless over 30%. classless choke leads to voter fatigue, high mania levels and abstention, as the shape is off the beaten track(predicate) too long. In 1960, senator sewer Kennedy proclaimed his run for the disposal except 66 age in the lead the commencement exercise primal. In discretion for the 2004 campaign, senator fundament Kerry proclaimed his canvassing 423 eld to begin with the freshman primary. Barack Obama in 2008 as well announced his canvassing 332 age ahead the first primary. elected rob is one terra firma for the legality turnouts of us elections. unconnected from the national and e extract elections, there are in addition the primary and caucus elections and increasingly voter s are invited to vote on initiatives, propositions at local level and peradventure in disavow elections. For example, The 2003 calcium gubernatorial deliver election was a spare election permitted under(a) calcium state law. It resulted in voters substitute incumbent republican regulator antiquated Davis with republican Arnold Schwarzenegger. This could be contrasted with other democracies, such as the UK, where the opportunities to vote are distant more restricted.

Football Essay

birth a versatile squad institutionalize to pile up to check off close to different topical anaesthetic squads of standardized get along with and skill. (Competitive) police squad WorkHard instruction, calendar weekly with whole told police squad members go forth correspond keen aggroup skills which be controlling in victorious each tournament.I forget give rise accredited I am amply attached in training and learn my group. hint them to constitute a roaring football game game game team.Personal control substitute(prenominal) investigate (spectating other) mesh (YouTube, blogs, football magazines).The p stripeted encounter for this to be ideal is at least(prenominal) 1 week in advance local football tournament starts.This provide give the team members, era to backup forward they turning their commencement chequer. allure a prize with my football Team. beingness competitiveThis is the stand up rate and in addition my terminal mark for this line of merchandise plan. I volition exercise trustworthy my team wins all of their matches by contend specifically correspond to the other teams weaknesses. This get out implore a lot of perseverance and additional hours of training.BBC fluctuation / talk over offers some degenerate tips approximately football My hold run into and auxiliary research.This close should be entire by and by the hold match which forget be 2 weeks before footballs conciliate ends. tilt the skillsAnd apologise how they be implementalWhen they depart be right-handAnd wherefore they are helpful.

Early Modern Food Culture in Great Britain (16th and 17th Century) Essay

Early Modern Food Culture in not bad(p) Britain (16th and 17th Century) - Essay Examplee who prepared food devoured by the fellow people of Shakespeare is illustrated most clearly in the volume receipt books (Caton 1999, 6) they produced. This twist presents expressions for stewing a calves head, pease pottage, a staple of the average persons diet, or cooking a gooseberry foole (Caton 1999, 6), documented by men and women who prepared these provisions five centuries ago.In 1610, Sarah Longe assembled her Receipt Booke. According to Heidi Brayman Hackel, Longe was one of the respectable middling sort, the wife perhaps of a successful tradesman or a member of the lesser gentry (Brown 2009, 30). She documented a procedure for wafers that were relished by King James and his Queen however, it is a different wafer recipe in her work that shows the considerable dissimilarities between her kitchen and present-day kitchens (Brown 2009). She starts on, Take halfe a pound of sugar, as much flower (Schoonover 1998, 111). Then, when a few servings of rosewater and eleven bombard have been added Beate it 2 hours... bake it an hour... then you must dry it againe in the Sun or Oven (Glasse 1983, 116). A different procedure for baking a ginmill starts on, Take halfe a bushel of fflower, 8 pound of Currence, and 5 pounds of butter... (Caton 1999, 100). Entertaining visitors and providing for her family were challenging duties for Longe. Receipt Booke is one of various such works in the Folger appeal that shows the assortment to be seen in the food culture of early modern England (Caton 1999).This essay will discuss the food culture of early modern England, specifically sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England. Food preparation and consumption will be discussed in a wide-ranging perspective, from its roots in usual and substitute crops through innovation in agriculture, market transportation, and household delivery to its presentation on the table in traditional and mode rn foods and drinks.Bread, pottage,

Self Introduction Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Self Introduction Issues - Essay ExampleI am a deep framer, preferring complex and link topics than straightforward concepts. At the moment, I can say I have been writing for two years. In some cases, especially creative writing, I write papers that are longer than expected because I have a lot to talk about.My personal philosophy on writing is that it is a strong point of communication what I cannot relay verbally I put down. I also believe that writing is part of history. Consequently, by documenting what I experience and think, I leave a historical legacy that others can be inspired by. I hate the ambiguity that sometimes creeps into writing (Widdows 26). Over the years, I have accepted that it is a part of writing that cannot be avoided, but I hate that it hinders my prolificacy. What I like about writing is the appreciation people show for the thoughts and feelings that I put out. The first quote in the book feels true for me the rest seem to contradict my experiences with or opinions of writing.

You are the sole judge of a new literary competition in which you must Essay

You are the sole judge of a new literary competition in which you must choose the best novel of the twentieth Century. 1. Examine the critera to be applied in choosi - Essay ExampleThe novel is something that often falls between the cracks of such taxonomy, however, since any given novel power embody one or any number of the above classifications of literature. As such, it becomes important to rely on a different, often personal, classification system and relate critiquing methodology. Various prestigious literary awards are given to authors who meet the specific criteria of each organisation for example, the Booker Prize is awarded for the work which is the best work of fiction by a British or Commonwealth writer, and the Nobel Prize for Literature is given to the author who has produced in the field of literature the most spectacular work in an creative thinkerl direction (ibid., p.199). Often, the criterion for judging literature rests on the personal opinions of the original organizing committee, however once this has been established it is the role of recruited decide to stay with such ideals and work within the boundaries of the competition or publication.Danson Brown proposes that there are three terms which are of vast importance in any literature judgement taste, aesthetic and canon (p.200). Taste, in modern society, is related directly to consumerism and to each individual choosing literature that suits his or her own idea of what a novel should be. The tastes of each reader and therefore each judge will vary from that of another and it is this simple principle that makes brass judgement of literary works so difficult. Aesthetic refers to (again in modern society, as the word has evolved since its inception into the English language) the role of philosophy in judging literature. This criterion would give up a critic assume that each novel should have undertones that inspire deeper thought on the part of the readers and propose some otherwise hid den flavour of the world or of the human psyche. Canon refers to the ability of the literature

Clothes make the man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Clothes make the man - Essay ExampleClothes feel always been the or so app arnt way to display the financial and social well-being of the person who wears them, and theyve been used in these purposes for thousands of years already. Since the beginning of the history of humanity clothes have been the indicator that helped to create an image of the persons status, occupation, and even intelligence and preferred lifestyle without speaking a word to him or her. Up to our times the representatives of some professions lot be distinguished from the crowd by their outfit.Clothes are the best way to transfer the desired message to the outer world. Its the great instrument that allows ever-changing social masks as frequently, as it is needed. There is a job interview awaiting you tomorrow, and you want to look like a trusted and qualified professional? care suit is what you need. A beautiful girl or a handsome man has invited you for a date? Than wear something cute for to create the atmos phere of romance. passably skirts or fashionable jeans are the best choice for the party with friends, while the plain sweater and jeans are preferable for the usual day at school, college or at the work place, unless you employer demands some other form of clothing.Clothes are just the instrument that helps you to create this or that impression on people that knell you, and they should be used only for this purpose. Caring too much about clothing is equally unwise as net profiting no attention to what you are eating away. Like most of the things that exist in our world clothes are nor good neither bad, they can either earn great benefits for the person wearing them or hurt his/her reputation and image in the eyes of his/her surroundings.As youve probably already noticed, there are people in our society who pay lots of attention to their outfits. They spend loads of time for to find and choose the specific items they want to wear and loads of money for to buy them. For

U.S. Government Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S. Government - Research Paper ExampleThe paper also examines three reasons for continuing federalism and its current form in the coupled States. In addition, the paper looks into the controversy of appointing people in the federal bureaucracy. Lastly, the paper will discuss the reasons why the U.S. has representative democracy over federal democracy on the federal level. What are the benefits of a two-way dodging in U.S. politics? What are the benefits of third parties in this system, if any? The political system in the United States entails two parties dominating during voting in elections and each level of government. The two- party system in the United States politics has several benefits, which forms the basis for the advantages accrued from such(prenominal) a system. One of the benefits of the two-party system in the United States is that it encourages and leads to political stability. The two political parties strive towards finding a common position that would be of benef it to the whole country. The system of two-party system leads to widespread agreements amongst the legislators, which eventually leads to political stability (Bertlastsky, 2010). According to Bertlastsky (2010), another benefit derived from the two-party system in the United States includes ease of governance. This emanates from the fact that such a system leads to a lot of harmonious existence between the two parties. As a result, legislators have the opportunity to participate in issues of governance and activities of the government. The two-party system is also beneficial as it leads to simplicity in the voting process done such a system, voting becomes an easy affair in the United States. This is because there exist no complexities when the voter wants to make a choice between the parties. As opposed to a multi-party system, voting in a two-party system takes place fast since voters choose from a list of few candidates. The two-party system also lowers the rate of corruption i n the United States. This emanates from the belief that leaders should think about the people who they represent. Failure to represent the will of the volume can make the electorate vote for the rival party in the next elections. Apart from the benefits of a two-party system, some benefits can also be derived from the cellular inclusion of third parties in this system. Third parties give the electorate a variety of choices from where they can choose especially if the voters have expressed dissatisfaction with the parties in a two party system. Third parties also encourage sound governance since they promote transparency through regular critique of the government (Bertlastsky, 2010). Reasons for the Continuing Federalism and its Current form in the United States According to Holdstedt (2006), politics in the United States is based on Federalism, which gives both the executive and the states some powers. The paper of America expresses significant belief in Federalism as a way of gov erning the United States. Under Federalism, the American constitution divides power between regional government and the Central government. Changes in the constitution have to be agreed upon by these two factions of the government. There are several factors that have contributed to continuing federalism, and they explain why federalism is deeply rooted in the U.S. system. One of the reasons that explain continuing federalism encompasses the practice of pragmatism. Federalism has proved to be highly

Independent Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Independent Journal - Essay ExamplePresently, there is a significant evolution of the fuck of medical marijuana use in the region. The author gives a great illustration of how the medical marijuana hawkers carry out their roles in the boardwalk in Venice Beach. The individuals signalize green uniform and host bright green leave signs advertising doctors to the passing crowds.Primarily, the referred doctors offer the drug at a fair price of $40 and provide legally required physician recommendation to acquire the drug. The doctors are often located on the pot shops and are present everywhere in the public. Following California, several other states legalized the use of medical marijuana and as well established their regulation measures regarding its production and distribution. Florida is one of those states and its marijuana project is judge to be huge for it has many patients who may require the drugs in comparison to other states.The marijuana stakeholders encompass of the manuf acturer, the treatment center, the advertisers and the customers. The producers plant and distribute the drug to the customers. The advertisers benefactor get the products to the consumers and advise them on its availability. The doctors, on the other hand, recommend the drug in right quantity to the customers and the consumers are primarily the patients in requiring the drug. They comprise of the epileptic people, the cancer patients among others who suffers diseases associated with a lot of pain.The established measures and rules in relation to the drug should be adhered to in order to eliminate chances of the drug abuse. The concerned authorities make to ensure that the drug is only consumed by the targeted clients and that it is given on necessary cases. The doctors need to be held accountable for the drugs issued and any other party in the drug admission cycle. The concerned parties should not only focus on maximizing their profits but also observe the health needs of the cli ents they serve.The article

Philosophy of Small Groups Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy of Small Groups - Research Paper ExampleWilson (2003) states that the importance attached to diminished face to face groups within the group is what allows many church members to personalize their contribution.1The trivial group is the starting relational unit which is beyond family where ministry to one another starts, it is the arena of primary care. A slender group is a highly effective means of individuals introduction the spiritual growth process. It is made up of 5-10 members who get together weekly with the specific end of growing personally and spiritually. It entails open mindedness and encourages honesty in all aspects. Thus, the primary way to be connected in churches is through the small groups. The fruit of entering the spiritual growth process is one of the greatest things that people may have anticipated. According to Djupe (2006), feeling similar to other members in the church small group is positively related to practicing skills, confirming the impo rtance of incorporating a social dimension into theories posting an organizational influence on individual behavior.2One of the close fundamental locomote for a small group ministry is developing a personalized philosophy of the ministry. This in the first place entails defining priorities, defending actions and determining the next steps to take for the upward success of the individuals personal life. The philosophical distinctiveness of churches differ with the churches core values, but all aim at ensuring the goals of the small groups are taken into consideration and that they are effective and beneficial for all the members involved in a particular group. The four-session trial period is one of the philosophies and this mainly entails people having a four meeting trial period in a particular small group. Thus if the small group does not receive an individuals need, then one is likely to seek another group but this involves no hard feelings.Another philosophical detail slew emanate where the

Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Memo - Assignment Examplents require skills that enhance their capacity to understand, analyze selective information, solve problems and communicate their ideas to others, which is necessary for quislingism in Park University. According to Hanson-Smith, and Rilling, such skills be fundamental to the success of the contemporary knowledge society (363). Nevertheless, most of the students do not possess these skills and the educators are not informed regarding the necessary steps to take to improve online learning. The students needs that should be addressed includeEffective communication through the utilization of the dissimilar tools available such as audio, visual, computer graphics and various design software. The students should also be exposed to the use of emerging communication environments such as the World Wide Web, electronic mail and social networking sites among other interactive strategies.Analyzing and interpreting information obtained from various sources including th e World Wide Web. Much of the information obtained from websites is normally raw and requires skills for selection of only what is useful for the students and discarding the irrelevant data. They need skills to gather the right information, make comparisons, evaluate and interpret information to make it useful in their learning endeavors.Computational modeling is a significant skill that allows students to cope with the difficult tasks in various subjects. They need to understand a range of systems for data representation, which include mathematical models and simulations as tumefy as various computer programs that can be used for problem solving. The assumptions that form the basis of the models as well as their effectiveness and limitations need to be known by the students to enhance their problem solving skills.Time management is also important since it allows students to accomplish tasks on time and with ease. Improvements in learning at Park University can be achieved through promoting skills in task management and

The Role of Nursing in Pain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Role of Nursing in distress Management - act ExampleIn order to do this the discussion will first of define botheration, because it not objective as many nurses and health practioners may believe. In fact it is a very subjective term. The essay will then go on to the different types of pain relief and finally end with a discussion of the problems in the UK when dealing with patients whose wishes are hard to discern and whether we should be administering pain relief and life saving methods without proper consent.Pain is a multi dimensional experience and has a sensory, emotional, cognitive component. Pain management approaches that address all these three factors are likely to be more successful and popular (Carr C.J. Ellois. 2001). The adult male Health Organization estimates that 22% of people experience almost form of pain (Gureje et al 1998). Potter in 1993 showed that 11.3% of the visits made to General Practitioners were to get preaching for chronic pain (DAY.R. 2002). The losses in terms of quality of life and economy were rated high enough for the WHO to give pain the status of a initiation health problem, by the WHO in 1986. In the UK, the Working Party Report Pain after Surgery (The Royal College of Surgeons of England and The College of Anaesthetists 1990) recognized the need for professional command and protocol development for pain management. The committee also highlighted the historical inadequacy in pain management. Acute Pain Services (ACS) was initiated for managing post-surgical pain (Taylor. H. 2001). The Provision of Pain Services (Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and The Pain Society 1997) propounded the specialized role of nurse in pain management. (Pain Society, 2001)The Royal College and the Anaesthetic Association reported that 44% of hospitals had some form acute care services and 79% used modern analgesic techniques to manage pain (Carr C.J. Ellois. 2001.) A study of hospital services declares pain prevention to be one of the 10 most important indicators of care quality. (Susan M, 2003)While the need for management is acknowledged, the resources allocated for the function were found to be inadequate. In a significant finding, the Clinical Standards Advisory Group found that although 81% of the functions involve nursing care and 7% of these were headed by nurses there was lack of specialized nursing care in the chronic pain department. The situation was further made worse by inadequate funding. (Pain Society, 2001) Health professionals currently are found to produce deficits in knowledge and skills for proper pain management. Nursing care is often found to be influenced by attitude of patients, their culture and value systems. (Redorbit.com, 2006) . The Services for Patients with Pain, in their study in 1999 found that 50% of trusts did not provide pain care services for children and awareness of guidelines were poor (Susan M, 2003) An analysis by Ferrell et al (2000) on the text books used in nursing

Leprosy in the Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leprosy in the Middle Ages - Essay ExampleThis essay focuses on the interchange of the Leprosy, or Hansens affection, that is an debilitating disease which has been prevalent for over 4,000 years, right from the ancient civilizations of China, India and Egypt. The researcher states that the earliest documented case of leprosy, supported by deoxyribonucleic acid evidence, is that of a man whose remains were discovered in a tomb next to the Old City of Jerusalem. The first recorded instance of leprosy is found in the Bible. It is probable that the disease spread to Europe from Egypt finished Phoenician sailors in the 8th century. The word leprosy has its roots in the Greek lepra, meaning a disease which makes the skin scaly. The primary external symptom is pronounced skin lesions. It is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. If unchecked, this chronic bacterial infection can progressively polish up the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes, causing permanent damage, deformation, blin dness, loss of neural sensation, and local paralysis. The mode of transmission of the disease is still not certain. Poor living conditions, diet and genetic factors whitethorn predispose an individual to contact leprosy. Treatment for leprosy began with the introduction of dapsone in the 1930s and complete cures were made possible by multidrug therapy in the 1980s. It is acknowledged that leprosy was a long-familiar disease in medieval Europe, and probably reached its peak during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. In the Middle Ages, leprosy was a serious problem which elicited unique accessible and medical responses. ... In the Middle Ages, leprosy was a serious problem which elicited unique social and medical responses. Leprosy was a feared condition throughout the Middle Ages. This may be largely attributed to ignorance of its causes and medical implications, and the absence of any recognized treatment or cure. The Medieval diagnosis of leprosy, was a prediction of disfigur ement and death, and what is perhaps more terrifying, it separated a man from society because of the infection he carried outwardly and the moral corruption that lay within him (Covey, 2001, 316). Biblical references supported this reaction to the disease. The numerous references to leprosy in the Bible largely give leprosy a connotation of being a disease of the unclean. This is evident in the passage from Leviticus 13 4446 which states, Now whosoever shall be defiled with the leprosy, and is separated by the judgment of the priest, shall have his clothes hanging loose, his head bare, his mouth covered with a cloth, and he shall watchword out that he is defiled and unclean. All the time that he is infected and unclean, he shall dwell alone without the camp (Covey, 2001, 316). In effect, the Bible condemned leprosy as a defilement and sanctioned the banishment of lepers from society. The most common attitude toward leprosy was ostracism, rising from the fear that leprosy was a hig hly contagious disease. In the light of this fear of contacting leprosy through association with lepers, medieval laws enforced segregation of lepers in various manners in different places. The 1276 assizes of London restricted the freedom of movement of lepers by banning them from residing in the city. This was followed by

Evolving ideas of freedom by different historical time frames Essay

Evolving ideas of granting immunity by different historical time frames - Essay ExampleFrom freedom as a complex combination of individual freedoms and rights to freedom as the full abolition of slavery, ideas of freedom in America gradually evolved to become the main guiding principle in the development of democracies in all parts of the world. The beginnings of democracy in America were marked with a hot debate between Federalists and anti-Federalists on what it really meant to be free. The time of Washington and Monroe, that was also the time when the idea of freedom was still in its infancy, but the concept of individual freedoms and rights was easily turning into the central ingredient of future democracy. Anti-Federalists argued that the Constitution had to give Americans full protection of their individual rights, including the right to speak freely, the right to enjoy the benefits of free apparitional choice, and the right to be protected against unreasonable searches. I n the meantime, nothing was done to battle the issue of slavery apparently, then political leaders were confident that freedom and slavery could continue walking hand in hand.

Was Immigration Directly Influenced by Religion in American in the Essay

Was Immigration Directly Influenced by Religion in American in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s - Essay ExampleIt is pertinent to acknowledge that religion played a key government agency in the way people had to prevail in America after they had migrated there. Zollman notes that in order to feel secure the immigrants trusted to live in areas where the other people normald the same faith. No one wanted to be alone because the immigrants were new in the area and as a result, they wanted to live in religious groups and this could only be achieved through religion. Although most immigrants moved to new countries to seek better economic opportunities, it is of equal importance to note that religious persecution makes people moving into new lands because they want to act their faith freely. This is the reason why many Jews had to move from England to the U.S after they were expelled from their countries on the basis of their faith. When a group of people immigrates to a new country, t hey a lot settle in a group, which comprises of people from their own country. This means that the immigrants do not have a chance of learning the culture of the new country because they tend to practice their old traditions. This results in groups that are based on the same religion or ethnicity. Although many people left their countries for America because of religious persecution, it is of paramount importance to note that many others left for a diverse number of reasons. Yes response Religion and freedom play a crucial role in ensuring that people are free and they do not have to worry about what they do in their lives. However, in most countries, freedom to practice ones faith is not guaranteed and as a result, people find it hard to enjoy their beliefs. One ought to understand that in America, everyone is free to practice his or her religion. Between 1800 and early 1900s religious persecution was practiced heavily especially in Europe. This is the reason why many

Ethical Issues Inherent with Workplace Stress Term Paper

Ethical Issues Inherent with Workplace Stress - Term Paper ExampleSolutions for each occupation be also mentioned with short implementation strategies. Conclusions are drawn at the end of the paper. Ethical Issues Inherent with Workplace Stress Introduction Due to the fast changes in the market and industry the levels of adjudicate at workplace are increasing every day and the staff and workers are being pushed hard to endure the tar positions. Stress has now become part and parcel of the life of each and every individual regardless of the profession. Constantly changing deadlines, long working hours, assignments beyond the capacity of workers are a few issues that the employees have to deal with at workplace. In addition to these most of the time the employees and staff members do not get the expected recognition and encouragement from the authorities. Some of the employees do not get the required health care options and their tautens do not offer any stress management programs . Some individuals despite working very hard do not get the opportunity to grow in the organization and achieve higher(prenominal) positions, this adds to the stress they are carrying. The working environs is an another(prenominal) important factor in determining the levels of workplace stress in individuals and workplace harassment is a major cause of stress in some organizations. Conflicts between colleagues are very likely to occur in a stressed working environment resulting in more stress. ... Ethics in a society depends upon the feelings of the individuals that form the society. Therefore the workplace ethics of a particular company or firm depend upon the society, the workplace environment, the cultural aspects of the region of companys existence or the region in which the company does business and also on the organizational structure and employees development in a company. The Ethical Issues The various issues that can be classified as ethical issues inherent with workplace stress are 1. Lack of encouragement and recognition 2. Insufficient health care facilities and lack of stress management programs for the employees 3. Conflicts between colleagues over work distribution and allocation 4. torment at workplace 5. Immoral workplace practices These issues will be discussed in detail in the following pages. Lack of Encouragement and Recognition This is the most jet cause of workplace stress. It is the moral as well as professional responsibility of the employer to encourage, recognize and reward his employees for their efforts. Recognition is very important and serves as the motivational force which increases the productivity and efficiency of employees and at the same time it makes them own the company. When the employees are recognized and rewarded for their efforts through promotions, salary increments and performance certificates, a sense of ontogeny is felt by the employees. As a result they work more enthusiastically because they start deeming the progress of company as their own progress. On the other hand if employees are not recognized and rewarded for their efforts this greatly affects their performance because when an employee gets a

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 45

Personal Statement ExampleAs an experienced rank lecturer, I know that my students produce a tendency to go a few steps ahead of me in terms of their computer know-how since they are allowed the liberty to experiment with the technology and see where it goes. In order for me to ensure that I will al routes have the upper hand during class lectures, and also be in a better position for tenureship at the university, I need to beef up my educational resume and gain knowledge and information that my students have yet to come across or conceptualize in their minds. It is my duty and responsibility to ensure that I present the most current knowledge and trends in computing and informatics to them in a manner that they can easily absorb. I will admit that I also have a face-to-face reason for wishing to complete a Phd, that of becoming a published professor in the future who will leave a definite squeeze upon the look being done in this particular field.Currently, I am on track in pur suit of my goal of becoming an Assistant prof at SEU. However, I cannot fully achieve that goal without a PhD degree. I hope to be able to fast track my career plans after end this degree and assisting or developing research that will supporter to shape the future of computing and informatics particularly in terms of its ability to help shape the future of my country.As a recipeient of a Saudi government scholarship grant, I feel privileged to have the opportunity to pursue my research plans in the field of Human Computer Interaction. This is a field of computer study that has a tremendous amount of professional growth potential in my country in terms of career advancement. I plan to get in on the ground floor and ride the trend all the way to the top. Becoming one of the most notable experts in this field in my country. It is because of my desire to actively pursue this research that I have chosen to move over for

Human Rights Essay Example for Free

Human Rights EssayThe Internet appears to be the ideal technology for democracy. When the Internet began, mountain thought they could communicate and even engage in commerce without the need for a big police force. As people from different cultures begin connecting to the Internet, it appears that the Internet is only as democratic as people make it. Governments next move online has been significantly less comfortable. China has recently forced Google to rewrite their search software so that it supports the set of state security over individual freedom by blocking certain sites. In order to continue doing business in China, the Chinese disposal forced Google to disable certain functionalities of their products so that Chinese citizens cannot connect to Web pages on topics such as human rights and democracy. The Chinese government and Google derived the so-called with child(p) Firewall of China in order to conceal from the public the potential contents that may pose threat to Chinese ideologies and politics.References Baase, S. (2007).Gift of Fire Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computing and the Internet. Pearson learner Hall. Garland, E. (2007). Future, Inc. How Businesses Can Anticipate and Profit from Whats Next. AMACOM Div American Management. Giddens, A. (2006). Sociology. Polity. Hassan, R. (2004). Media, Politics and the Network Society. McGraw-Hill International. Human Rights Watch, . (2007). Human Rights Watch World Report 2007. Seven Stories Press. Landow, G. P. (2006).Hypertext 3. 0 Critical system and New Media in an Era of Globalization. JHU Press. Marling, W. H. (2006). How American Is Globalization?. JHU Press. Meza, E. P. (2007). Coming Attractions? Hollywood, High Tech, and the Future of Entertainment. Stanford University Press. Reuvid, J. , Li, Y. (2005). Doing Business With China. GMB Publishing Ltd. Wood, A. F. , Smith, M. J. (2005). Online Communication Linking Technology, Identity, and Culture. Routledge.

Maus essay Essay Example for Free

Maus essay EssayI Maus by Art spiegelman shows imagery. It resembles the quote from Hitler The Jews are undoubtedly a race, but they are not valet de chambre, and shows that the different groups of community have essential characteristics that are represented by the animals they are portrayed as in the book. This just shows how low Germans are towards the Jews. In the comic book of Maus, Vladek tells some horrible stories of when he was in the holocaust.Artie (his son) is very interested in the way the holocaust was and how his father and gone through it when he was younger. In one of the clips it shows Vladeks number that he was given to be represented by instead of his name. Some of his stories were of how they would just kill any random person, even if they had their papers. The Germans wanted to become superior in every way they possibly passel. The many different ways of representing the animals towards people are the way people may act or themselves.For instance the pig s represented as the polish, the mouse are represented as the Jewish. The animals that are shown for them are based on themselves and their looks. If you had blond hair and blue eyes, brown hair brown eyes were their perfect race. Even though the book was black and white in reality you can see the colors everywhere. The stories about the way the cleaning lady and children were treated would make you throw up.If a child was crying or wouldnt be simmer down they would get thrown against the wall and have their skulls broken. The women were treated just like men having to carry around heavy items and get beat just the same. Men, children and woman should not be treated the same when it comes to work or punishments. In conclusion the holocausts were the roughest of the times. Too many people were killed for no reason at all. Ive proved innocent people should not be murdered for no reason at all.

Nature vs Nurture Essay Example for Free

Nature vs Nurture EssayAbstract The discussion surrounding Stephen Pinkers book The inane slate the Modern Denial of Human Nature has sparks some rather interesting arguments as to whether our being is a result of reputation, genetics or is it lettered through nurturing. The discussion revolved around Pinkers idea that there is no such thing as the Blank Slate theory, when it comes to homosexual nature. He believes that the homophile mind, worry the human body, has been designed by natural selection through the process of biological evolution (Bailey Gillespie, 2002, p. 2).The Blank Slate theory derived from John Locke, a great philosopher who lived in the 16th century. In John Lockes philosophy, tabula rasa was the theory that the (human) mind is at birth a blank slate void of all characters, without all ideas or rules for processing data, and that data is added and rules for processing it formed solely by our sensory experiences. As understood by Locke, tabula rasa me ant that the mind of the individual was born blank, and it as well as emphasized the individuals freedom to author his or her own soul.Each individual was free to define the content of his or her character but his or her staple fibre identity as a member of the human species cannot be so altered. Implicit in this theory is the belief that individuals are infinitely and arbitrarily tractable by society by changing the individuals environment, and thus sensory experiences, one can shape the individual with few, if any, restrictions. Steven Pinker challenges the Blank Slate theory. He thinks, we are genetically coded to be whatever we are.The experiences we encounter only have a minuscule impact on how we grow. Pinker argues about the idea of which nurture plays a more of the essence(predicate) role than nature in the development of the human mind. He believes a child is born with a character, and parents cannot cause their children to have a different personality to that which is given. Pinker states in an interview by Bailey and Gillespie that Blank slates do not do anything they just sit there. Human beings do things.They make sense of their environment they dramatise language they interact with one another. They use reasoning to bring about things that they want. Even if you acknowledge, as you have to acknowledge, that learning, socialization, and culture are indispensable aspects of human bearing you have to admit that you cant have culture unless you have some kind of innate circuitry that can invent and acquire culture to begin with. (p. 5) Pinker too has an interesting notion, that there is no such thing as intelligence as we know it.If everyone is born void of everything, how do we explain noetic rest among humans? One of his ways to solve the difference, because it is given to us genetically is to have its checks and balance. We have to match social structure to genetics. Pinker stated that the Blank Slate theory made divisions among humans s ocially, intellectually, racially and by gender. Method Participants Research participants stemmed from his research with twins where Pinker with the help of Jennifer Ganger, PhD. They gathered data.On the development of words, sentences and yesteryear tense forms in a large sample of identical and fraternal twins. In the research he looked at there gradual development of their language, if it looked like the development appear in closer synchrony in identical twins (who share all their genes) than in fraternal twins (who share half(a) their genes, among those that vary), it would suggest that language development is paced in part by a genetically influenced maturational timetable. (Pinker research 2002 p.1) Pinker also conducted research studies on Neuroimaging of inflection where he used (functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural organization of language. He also used a set of projects that focused on inflections such as the past tense and plural to underst and the psychology of language. I have study how past tense forms develop in children. I studied this processed in real time during speech productions. How they vary and do not vary? and how their details, quirks and exceptions are explained by linguistic theory. (Pinker ? research, 2002 p. 1) My view of this topic is that I think to some extent we are born with some kind of personality but our experiences molds what we truly become. I do not believe that nature give us, by genetics all the things we need in life. I think we are born with some intellectual capacity and by nurturing that, we remediate our knowledge. I saw an example of nurturing on an interesting episode of CBS 60 minutes. A little boy was born severely brain damaged and was blind. He could barely walk, talk or move his hands.At the age of two, his parents gave him a piano, he began playing it, and by age five, he was already playing authorised music. The gene found in this child is found, is found in one in ten t housand people and it allows him to read music. He just unavoidably to hear a sound once in its entirety and he can play it on piano minutes later. No everyone with this gene has this ability. His parents nurtured him and invoked the intellectual part of his brain that allows him to be an extraordinary musician. Our experience in life and the way we are nurture plays a vital roll in the individuals we become.In closing, I think we do learn a great deal from nurturing and we are born with a gene that gives us certain personalities. Therefore, a human being cannot be completely void. References Bailey, R Gillespie, N (2002). Reason Biology vs. the blank Slate. http//reason. com/0210/fe. rb. biology. shtml Pinker, S (2005) http//pinker. wjh. harvard. edu Wikipedia. Org http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tabula_rasa http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Blank_Slate.

Characteristics Of A Smartphone Operating System Computer Science Essay

Characteristics Of A Smart r tout ensembley Operating System Computer Science EssayIn to geezerhood world of computerization, you mustiness accept heard a lot about political programming. Programming refers to a process which carries out a set of instructions to do a extra task. Presently, programming is extended beyond computers to various(a) finishing program musical arrangements, one such application system is Communication De crimes, which covers telephone ex channels ilk PBX (Private Branch eXchange), ISDN (Integrated Services digital Network), Networking Devices homogeneous switches, router and terminal artifices want ISDN phone, modems, industrious phones, and so on. Programming these devices is quite challenging in their own way as they involve challenging requirements like real time treat, multi-device handling, enormous features, friendly GUI, and so on. We in this unit have chosen smartphone a prompt phone variant as an exercise to describe the programming aspects associated with its functioning.In this unit, we will discuss as to what a Smartphone is and alike its features that has made it so popular. We will similarly discuss about the Smartphone run systems. You will find the necessity for an in operation(p) system in Smartphones and the characteristics that these direct systems support. You behind easily relate many of the concepts to the rambling phone that you or your acquaintances might be using. restless phone usage has increased manif old over the past decade. ,A energetic phone (also called as cellular phone, cell phone or hand phone) is an electronic device which facilitates two-way telecommunications over a cellular network of base stations, or cell sites. A general classification of mobile phones base on features are One is Feature phones, or low end phones, which offer basic services like making and receiving calls, radio (FM) services, and move or receiving Short Message Services (SMS). The some early(a ) is Smart phones, which offer more advanced technology, like connection to the World Wide Web (www), send Multimedia Message Services (MMS), accessing Bluetooth and infrared applications, playing audio and video files, providing GPS functions etc,. Bluetooth is a radio receiver technology exercisingd to exchange data by connecting devices inside short distance. Infrared is a wireless technology used to exchange data by connecting two electronic devices.A Smartphone is a remarkable origination it is a mobile phone with more offerings that fits in your pocket and lets you communicate from anywhere in the world. The primary difference between mobile phones and Smartphones is that the Smartphones have shade operational software, which come by dint ofs a standardized porthole and platform for application developers.Smartphones are like laptops or miniature computers, and posterior perform a variety of functions. As the Smartphones have run software and a standard interface, th e users have the ability to add applications and upgrade features and services on their mobile phones.Let us fancy how Smartphones evolved. Today, with technological advancement, the individual(prenominal) Computer (PC) is a part of everyday life as a productivity, entertainment, and communication device. Like laptops the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) were introduced as mobile computing devices with less reposition capacity. These PDAs, also tell apartn as handheld computers or palmtops, are electronic organizer or planner that give the bounce easily share any information with the computer. It is basically a high end organizer phone.The concept of Smartphone is obtained from the PDAs and mobile phones. Initially, PDAs were certain to access Internet eyepatch mobile phones were meant to receive calls, send messages, etc, Then the Smartphone was invented which had the ability to fit more functionality into a smaller device. Smartphones are a combination of the functionalitie s of mobile phone as fountainhead as the features of PDA.Like more or less inventions, Smartphones are built on a chain of prior technological advancements of semiconductor miniaturization, battery technology, display devices, call forth panels, and the invention of telephone and wireless technology. We will be soupconing upon the features of Smartphone in detail in the subsequent discussion sections.Self Assessment QuestionsA mobile phone is an electronic device which facilitates two-way telecommunications over a _____________ of base stations, or cell sites.Smartphones offer basic services like making and receiving calls. (True/False)?PDA stands for __________________.Smartphone FeaturesSmartphone is a combination of both mobile phone and handheld computer, into a bingle device. Smartphone is a individual device which allows users to store information (for example, e-mail) and install programs, along with the use as a mobile phone. We hind end say that a Smartphone is a mob ile phone with some PDA functions integrated into the device or vice versa.The features offered by the Smartphones are the most great factor that has made it so prominent in the present day. Let us now discuss these features packet Smartphones are operated with the help of software to manage basic functions like address book, messaging, and searching stored data. The software in a Smartphone has advanced features that allow you to create and cut back MS Office documents and download applications. Most of the Smartphones support full featured e-mail capabilities with the functionality of a complete Personal Organizer with book or binder, containing a calendar, address book, scheduler, and other such functions.Operating system Smartphones comes with an operational system that supports various applications. It also helps to maintain the software and hardware used in these phones. The Symbian, Windows mobile, and android are some examples of the operate systems used in Smartphones.M anaging calls The user notify manage multiple calls (conference calls) and concurrent calls on the Smartphone with the help of User Interface (UI). isolated from changing the ring tones based on callers or groups, the cell phone allows you to record the calls in digital format and save them to your computer.Access to internet With the entranceway of Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), Smartphone facilitates its users to access Internet at higher speed using the 3G technology (It is a third generation wireless technology that facilitates advanced multimedia access, world(prenominal) roaming, and high speed communication). Thereby the device helps you to browse your favourite websites, send and receive emails, and download games faster as you would do it on your desktop computers. It also facilitates users to automatically reformat the hypertext markup language (Hyper Text Markup Language) pageboys for display on small screen. HTML is a markup language that is used to structure text, grap hics, and straitss in a web page by the use of various tags.The device can also access Web2.0 content. Web 2.0 is related to web applications that provide interoperability, information sharing, and user friendly projectAdvance GPS features The GPS (Global Positioning System) feature present in the Smartphone helps users to get driving directions, point of interest in the locality, or search businesses by using the gadget. The Smartphone users can obtain current location by connecting to portable GPS receiver or integrating a GPS receiver to the device.QWERTY keyboard With a Smartphone, you can get a keyboard like the one that you use with your computer. You can use a physical keyboard to type on or a touch screen like an iPhone which is operated by software. An iPhone is a smartphone (product of Apple) which provides all the features of a smartphone such as, internet access, touch controls, and so on.Multimedia features Smartphones are also featured with built-in digital camera an d a sound recorder. Apart from taking still pictures, you can also record video clips. These features allow you to share the Multi Media Messages (MMS) with other Smartphones via email, Bluetooth or infrared with or without the help of excess software.Touch Screen A Typical PDA has a touch screen, which is an electronic visual display or input device for entering data. These days most of the Smartphones have this feature allowing the user to easily select various features of the phone. The best place where you can experience the usage of the touch screen is in the ambiances (Automated Teller Machine), as most of the ATMs have a touch screen. ATM is a telecommunication device that provides financial assistance to the clients of a financial institution. ATM is also known as a Cashpoint..An automated teller machine (ATM), also known as automatic banking machine (ABM), Cash Machine, or Cashpoint, is a computerised telecommunications device that provides the clients of a financial insti tution with access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a cashier, human salesclerk or bank teller.Wireless Connectivity Many Smartphones come with Wireless Wide-Area Networks. Latest Smartphones have Bluetooth wireless connectivity. It can be used to connect keyboards, headsets, GPS and many other accessories. Superior PDAs have Wi-Fi or WLAN (Wireless Local-Area Networks) connectivity, which can be used to connect to Wi-Fi hotspots or wireless networks.Messages The Smartphone offers facility to send and receive non further text messages still also multi media messages. It facilitates to send and receive messages through e-mails. It even provides access to the web based messaging services such as, Yahoo messenger. solution and screen size The Smartphone offers a high resolution screen and a big screen size that helps you to carry out different functions easily. Some Smartphones provide touch screen facility for better view and easy functioning of the device.Memory This is an important feature as it is very essential to support various features such as operating system or screen resolution. As a user, retrospect means the flash memory storage chip where you can store all files and applications. The RAM (Random Access Memory) is the physical location in the chip where the operating system and other applications run. The RAM size for a Smartphone can be in the order of 10MB to 20MB. Besides the Ram, users can add flash memory for storing their data like contact details, songs, video recording etc. set fire to Memory in a Smartphone is either inbuilt or can be installed as an add-on. The memory size of the Smartphone depends upon the manufacturer. For example, Apple iPhone 3GS Smartphone has a flash memory of 16GB that can be extendable up to 32GB.Synchronization facility An important function of Smartphones is, synchronizing data with a computer. Most of the Smartphones come with the facility to synchronise to a PC. This featur e allows maintaining the latest contact information stored on software like Microsoft Outlook.Thus, we can say that in contrast to the regular cell phone, a Smartphone offers advanced features as it combines the features of a cell phone and a PDA.Self Assessment QuestionsA Smartphone is a combination of both ___________ and handheld computers into a single device.GPS stands for _____________.An important function of Smartphone is _______________ data with a PC.Activity 1Examine few Smartphones and analyze the various features it provides. officious/Smartphone Operating SystemAs you know that operating system is one of the important features of a mobile/Smartphone, let us now illustrate this feature..In general an Operating System(OS) refers to a program that helps to run various other programs on a computer. It also manages the software and hardware of the system.The most important software in any Smartphone is its operating system. It is also referred as mobile platform.Need for mo bile operating systemThe mobile operating system powers mobile devices like mobile phones, Smartphones, PDAs, and Tablet PCs (a wireless PC equipped with a touch screen and a digital pen). It manages the mobile device hardware, memory, and software imagerys. It controls the functioning, and the capabilities of a mobile device. The feature set, security, reliability, and the ease of use are not the only criteria that make a mobile platform straightforward or bad, but also the flexibility of the mobile platform to integrate with divers(prenominal) set of devices and software systems.A mobile operating system controls everything from handling the input obtained from touch screen, keyboard, or some external device to controlling the memory and the overall functioning of the device. It also manages the communication and the interplay between the mobile device and other matched hardware such as, computers, televisions, or printers.Operating system manages and controls all the features and functionalities of the mobile device. Therefore, a Smartphone is a combination of the hardware and the operating system, which determines what capabilities it can or cannot support.As the operating system manages the hardware and software resources of Smartphones, it is responsible for find out the functions and features available on the device. Smartphone is a combination of mobile technology that is the mobile phone and PDA, which are based on the computer applicationsAll Smartphones are engraft with an operating system which enables the operation of software applications. In addition to the principle features like phone calls and messaging, you can send e-mails, manage your personal and office documents, and prate websites for searching information, play online games, and read news. It also allows sharing and downloading of documents and applications.If a Smartphone is to allow multiple applications to run simultaneously, it must have an operating system that facilitates the sharing of processing and memory resources among multiple applications. Additionally, the operating system must allow users to switch between the active applications.Characteristics of a smartphone operating systemEven though the functionality of an operating system used in computers and Smartphones are like, certain characteristics of a Smartphone operating system are different from the ones used in computers. The characteristics that a Smartphone operating system should comprise are as followsResource-limited hardware Smartphones should be able to support various applications. It should also provide facility to access Internet. But to meet these requirements, Smartphones have limited memory and processing power when compared to the desktop PCs and Laptops. Thus, the operating system must be careful in using hardware resources eespecially memory. It should not only utilize less memory but also consist of architecture that provides support for applications to limit their use o f memory. It should also have the capability to carry on low-memory situations gracefully.Robustness A user expects a mobile operating system to be robust. This means it should be strong and unlikely to fail or crash. The device must not only be intentional to avoid crash, but must also provide support functions and policies. These support functions and policies allow the device to divvy up application errors and out-of-memory situations, without hampering the functionalities of the Smartphone.User interface for limited user hardware The operating system should implement a user interface environment that is efficient and self-generated to use, despite the smaller screen and limited user input capabilities of the Smartphone. Furthermore, the screen sizes and input capabilities vary between different models of Smartphones, so the User Interface architecture should be flexible, such that it can be customized for the various user interface objects.Library support Smartphone operatin g systems should contain middleware libraries and frameworks with APIs that implement and abstract the functionality of the features of the Smartphone. The manipulation is to provide functional consistency and to ease the software development. Middleware library and framework is a software layer that acts as a mediatory between the application and the systems operating system. The middleware framework consists of a set of components that connects the application with the underlying OS. Examples of Smartphone middleware include libraries and frameworks for email, SMS, MMS, Bluetooth, cryptography, multimedia, User Interface features, and GSM or GPRS, which provide more support for Smartphone features.Popular mobile operating systemsSome of the popular mobile operating systems areSymbianAndroidBlackBerry Operating SystemWindows mobileJava enabledGarnet Operating SystemLinuxSymbian Symbian operating system is the most popular operating system used in most Smartphones and mobile phones today. The heritage of Symbian OS begins with some of the first handheld devices. This operating system began its existence in 1988 as SIBO (an acronym for 16-bit organizer). SIBO ran on computers developed by Psion Computers, which developed operating system to run on small footprint devices. It was designed with specific criteria that can be characterized by event-driven communications, using client- host relationships and stack-based configurations.Client-server describes the relation between two computer programs. The client program sends a service request to the server program. The server program fulfils the request.The Symbian operating system is developed using C++ programming language.The Symbian operating system is a mobile operating system that was specially built to run on a Smartphone platform. It fits in the memory of a mobile phone because of its compatibility. It is considered as a full fledged operating system.Symbian operating system supports multitasking and multi threading. Many processes can run concurrently, they can communicate with each other and utilize multiple threads that run internal to each process. It facilitates good support for graphics and data focusing. This operating system has a file system that is compatible with Microsoft Windows operating system. It even supports other file system implementations through a plug-in interface. It uses TCP/IP networking as well as several other communication interfaces, such as serial, infrared and Bluetooth. For example, Nokias bestseller Smartphone 6600 was developed using the Symbian operating system.Android Android is an operating system for mobile devices that is developed by Google. .Android operating systems are based on the Linux kernel and the GNU software. Android has a large partnership of developers writing applications that has helped to extend the functionality of the devices. The developers write managed code in Java, controlling the device via Google-developed Java librarie s.The Android operating systems offer a practical(prenominal) machine that is optimized for the mobile devices. It provides a structured data storage by the use of SQLite. It facilitates with technologies such as, Bluetooth, 3G and WiFi that are hardware dependent. It enables reuse and replacements of components through an application framework. For example Sony Ericsson XPERIA X10 is developed using Android operating system.A virtual machine can be referred to an environment or a program that does not physically exists but is created inside another environment.BlackBerry operating system The BlackBerry operating system is an e-mail based operating system introduced in a Smartphone device developed by the Canadian company, Research In Motion (RIM). It includes typical Smartphone applications like address book, calendar, to-do lists, and telephone capabilities. It supports push e-mail, mobile telephone, text messaging, Internet faxing, Web browsing and other wireless information ser vices. It offers a multitasking environment which helps to perform more than one task at the same time. The system navigation is primarily accomplished by a scroll ball, or trackball in the middle of the device. It even offers support for WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and Java Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP). WAP helps to access mobile web from a Smartphone or a mobile phone. Java MIDP offers stipulation for employing Java on Smartphones.Windows Mobile Windows Mobile is an operating system used in various mobile phones and Smartphones. It encompasses the entire software stack from the kernel to the application interface. This operating system is compatible with the Microsoft Office suite of programs.The current version is called Windows Mobile 6.5. It is based on the Windows CE 5.2 kernel. Additionally, third-party software development is available for Windows Mobile, and the software can be purchased via the Windows securities industry for Mobile.Originally appearin g as the Pocket PC 2000 operating system, most Windows Mobile devices come with a stylus pen, which is used to enter commands by tapping it on the screen.Windows CE is a modular operating system that serves as the rear for several classes of devices. Windows Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on a Windows CE. Currently, Pocket PC (now called Windows Mobile Classic), Smartphone (Windows Mobile Standard), and PocketPC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella.Windows Mobile is a Microsoft-defined custom platform for general use in Smartphones and PDAs. It consists of a Microsoft-defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardware that is supported. It provides feature rich OS and interface for cellular phone handsets. It offers productivity features to business users, such as email, as well as multimedia capabilities for consumers.Java enabled Smartphones with Java based OS are also available. SavaJe is one such O.S. which is java based. It includes everything from the kernel to the user interface framework and application suite.SavaJes complete suite of applications for advanced mobile phones spans the entire spectrum of handset functionality, includingA phone application, for voice calls management.A cosmopolitan messaging application with a simple and intuitive user interface for MMS, SMS, and e-mail messages.A universal browser for transparent access to WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) , HTML and XHTML (eXtensible Hyper Text Markup Language) sites. XHTML is a markup language that is similar to HTML, used in the creation of webpages and is a combination of HTML and XML.A multimedia application for still and video capture and playback, including camera control and multiple media players.A Personal Information Management (PIM) application for contacts, calendar, tasks, notes and alarms management and synchronization to a local PC or over-the-air.Garnet Operating System This was formerly known as bay wreath OS. This operating system combines a Linux-based foundation with applications written for the old Palm OS. The Palm OS was mainly used in PDAs, though the Treo line of Smartphones used it as well. The Garnet Operating System is also referred as Palm OS5. It is a specialized operating system for powering portable hand-held devices, Smartphones, and PDAs from ACCESS Systems, who developed software products and platforms for web browsing, mobile phones, wireless handhelds, and other networked devices.The Garnet Operating System has a built-in PACE (Palm Application Compatibility Environment). Garnet Operating System is capable of supporting wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth, and Infrared. In addition to this functionality, it also offers standard support for a variety of screen resolutions.Linux Linux is unique among the other operating systems. This is because its development is drive n by a community of developers rather than by a single company such as Symbian operating system in Nokia phones and blackberry OS in blackberry phones. harmonise to ARCchart, the Linux operating system supports more processors than other operating system, though the most popular phone models still use the Symbian operating system.However, Linux is an organic OS, where in, the developers constantly change and update it even at the kernel level platforms. Six telecommunication companies are responding to this by forming the LiMo foundation, an organization that is attempting to create a standardized Linux platform.Smartphones based on the open source Linux operating system have emerged in the market. There are many advantages to using an open-source operating system like Linux. No cost and the opportunity to tap into the Linux open source community are appealing. This has made Linux grow, not only for the server and PC market space, but also in the embedded device area including hand held computers. For example, Motorola that is a notable supporter of Linux has released the A760 Smartphone based on this operating system.Linux may become the pet operating system in full featured mobile terminals as well as a variety of embedded systems. Linux-powered Smartphone will hold an important position in the near future.Advantages and disadvantages of smartphonesThe usage of Smartphones is on the rise. The reason behind this widespread usage is because Smartphones provide enhanced features to users. Let us look at some of the advantages that Smartphones haveWe can download applications or important data on-the-go.It is easier for us to carry a Smartphone when compared to a laptop or a PDA.We can incorporate different functionalities into a small device.3G Internet allows us to browse the Internet at speeds faster than our internet connection at home.But Smartphones do have the following disadvantages when compared to Feature phonesSmartphones are generally high-priced be cause they support multiple features.To use all the wireless tools provided within the Smartphone, we would require an expensive wireless data plan.Self Assessment Questions_____________ operating system began its existence in 1988 as SIBO.Palm OS operating system combines a __________foundation with applications written for the old Palm OS.Windows Mobile OS is based on windows _____________.Android is an operating system for mobile devices that was developed by ____________.Windows Mobile operating system was developed by __________.The SavaJe OS is a __________ based system that includes everything from the kernel to the user interface framework and application suite.Garnet OS was formerly known as Palm OS.(True/False)?Activity 2Check out few mobile phones in your contacts and find out which operating system is used and write down a comparison of the features offered.SummaryIn this unit we started with underlying the concept of Smartphones. We learnt that a Smartphone refers to a handheld device that offers the functionality of a mobile phone as well as the PDAs. We also came to know about the various features provided by Smartphones such as, operating system, software, access to internet, QWERTY keyboard, advanced GPS features, touch screen, memory, and so on.Then we discussed about the mobile or Smartphone operating system in detail. Here, we discussed the necessity for a mobile operating system. Furthermore, we even discussed the characteristics of a Smartphone operating system such as, robustness resource limited hardware, user interface for limited user hardware, and library support.Later we also discussed about the various operating system support by these Smartphones or mobile phone. This includes operating systems such as Symbian, Android, Blackberry OS, Windows Mobile, Garnet OS, Java, and Linux.GlossaryLet us have an overview of the important terms mentioned in the unitBluetooth An open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short di stances using short length radio waves from fixed and mobile devicesKernel Is the central component of most computer operating systems, it is a bridge between applications and the actual data processingMiddleware Software that mediates between the application program and a network.Multitasking It refers to the ability of the operating system to quickly switch between tasks, giving the appearance of simultaneous execution of tasksMultithreading It widens the idea of multitasking into applications, so that specific operations within a single application can be subdivided into individual threads.SavaJe OS A Java OS for advanced mobile phones. Developers can create better user interface using this OS.Thread it is a light weight process. It is a single flow of with a process.QWERTY It is the most used modern-day keyboard layout on English-language computer and typewriter keyboards. It takes its expose from the first six charactersWi-fi Networks build used for wireless network.Terminal Q uestionsWhat is a Mobile Operating System?Name the types of mobile operating systems available in the market.List down various features of a Smartphone.What is a Symbian Operating System?Explain briefly the advantages and disadvantages of SmartphonesAnswersSelf Assessment QuestionsCellular networkFalsePersonal Digital AssistantMobile phoneGlobal Positioning SystemSynchronizeSymbianLinux-basedCE 5.2 kernelGoogleMicrosoftJavaTrueTerminal QuestionsRefer section 1.4 The Mobile/Smartphone Operating System that describes mobile platform.Refer sub-section 1.4.3 Popular mobile operating systems, which tells the various platforms used to develop a Smartphone.Refer section 1.3 Smartphone Features that describes the QWERTY keyboard and touch screen and other features.Nokias bestseller Smartphone 6600 was developed using this operating system. Refer sub-section 1.4.3 Popular mobile operating systems for details.Refer section 1.5 which lists various advantages and disadvantages of Smartphones.Re ferences and Suggested ReadingsJochen Schiller (2009), Mobile Communications (Second Edition).E-Referenceshttp//www.3gamericas.org.http//developer.symbian.com/main.http//www.microsoft.com/windows/WinHistoryIntro.mspx.